Table 3 Item statements for the ecosystem service value attributes, their sources and AST component
Item statement | Main framework | Indicator source | Agency-Strucutre-Thoery (AST) component |
|---|---|---|---|
Provisioning services | Internal traits (ecosystem service attributes) | ||
1. Crop | Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) | Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) | |
2. Timber-poles | |||
3. Bushmeat | |||
4. Water for home consumption | |||
5. Fuelwood | |||
6. Fodder | |||
7. Natural medicine | |||
8. Fibers | |||
9. Ornamental and spices | |||
Regulating and supporting services | |||
10. Make the air we breathe clean | |||
11. Stop strong winds | |||
12. Control floods and mudslides | |||
13. Shade | |||
14. Absorbing carbon | |||
15. Enhancing crop production through pollination | |||
16. Groundwater recharge and base flow enhancement | |||
17. Controlling soil erosion and improving soil fertility | |||
18. Protect and conserve many kinds of plants and animals | |||
19. Controlling pests e.g., Locusts | |||
Cultural services | |||
20. Beautiful scenery | The Nature Area Value Scale (Winter and Lookwoood 2004); MA (2005) | Winter and Lockwood (2004), Brown et al. (2014), Anderson et al. (2018) and Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) | |
21. Leisure activities | |||
22. Community Gathering | |||
23. Environmental education | |||
24. Collection of History | |||
25. Preserve traditions | |||
26. Spiritual places | |||
27. Mental and physical therapy | |||
28. Have one’s own right | |||
29. For future generations | |||
30. Wild and untouched | |||
