Skip to main content
Log in

The global middle class and school choice: a cosmopolitan sociology

Die globale Mittelschicht und Schulwahl: eine kosmopolitische Soziologie

  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper we suggest the need for research which addresses school choice as a global phenomenon. That is, a form of choice which extends beyond local politics and policymaking. We consider here the educational choices and choice making contexts of a burgeoning, mobile, post-national middle class who operate on a global scale. We also sketch the educational market within which these choices are considered and realised but the main focus is on demand side issues. The paper seeks to open a space for further research, in which to ask some old and some new questions about social class and social reproduction through schooling, and to make the case for choice researchers to attend more carefully to choice in a framework of mobility, globalisation and related new kinds of social class identities and interests.

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Artikel zeigt die Notwendigkeit auf, die Schulwahl als globales Phänomen zu erforschen. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine Wahlmöglichkeit jenseits von Lokalpolitik und lokalen Entscheidungsprozessen. Betrachtet werden somit die Bildungsentscheidungen und Entscheidungskontexte einer aufkeimenden mobilen, postnationalen Mittelschicht, welche anhand von globalen Maßstäben handelt. Weiterhin wird der Bildungsmarkt, auf welchem diese Entscheidungen erwogen und getroffen werden, skizziert, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Nachfrageseite liegt. Ein Anliegen des Artikels ist es, Raum für weitere Forschungen zu eröffnen, wobei einige alte und auch neue Fragen zur sozialen Schichtung und zur sozialen Reproduktion durch Schulbildung zu stellen wären. Zudem sollen Wissenschaftler, die sich mit Schulwahl beschäftigen, dazu angeregt werden, sich mit dieser noch mehr in einem Bezugssystem von Mobilität, Globalisierung und den zugehörigen neuen Arten von sozialen Gruppenidentitäten und interessen zu befassen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amin, A., & Thrift, N. (1992). Neo-marshallian nodes in global networks. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 16, 571–587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ball, S. J. (2003). Class strategies and the education market. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ball, S. J. (2009). Is there a global middle class? The beginnings of a cosmopolitan sociology of education: A review. Journal of Comparative Education, 69, 135–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid modernity. Oxford: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaverstock, J. V. (2005). Transnational elites in the city: British highly-skilled inter-company transferees in New York city’s financial district. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31, 245–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beaverstock, J. (2011). Servicing British expatriate ‘talent’ in Singapore: Exploring ordinary transnationalism and the role of the ‘expatriate’ club. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(5), 709–728.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, U. (2004). Cosmopolitan realism: On the distinction between cosmopolitanism in philosophy and the social sciences. Global Networks, 4, 131–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, U. (2007). The cosmopolitan condition: Why methodological nationalism fails. Theory, Culture & Society, 24(7–8), 286–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, B. (2000). Pedagogy, symbolic control and identity: Theory, research, critique (Revised edition). Langham: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, R., & Waters, J. (2009). A second chance at ‘Success’: UK students and global circuits of higher education. Sociology, 43(6), 1085–1102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryceson, D. F., & Vuorela, U. (2002). The Transnational Family: New European Frontiers and Global Networks: Bloomsbury Academic.

  • Carroll, W. (2009). Transnationalist and national networkers in the global corporate elite’. Global Networks, 9(3), 289–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castells, M. (2000). The rise of the network society. The information age: Economy, society and culture (Vol. 1). Malden: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, D. (2011). Braceros: Migrant citizens and transnational subjects in the Postwar United States. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colic-Peisker, V. (2010). Free floating in the compolis? Exploring the identity-belonging of transnational knowledge workers. Global Networks, 10(4), 467–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connell, R. W. (1983). Which way is up? Essays on Class, sex and culture. Sydney: George Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conradson, D., & Latham, A. (2005). Transnational urbanism: Attending to everyday tractices and mobilities. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31, 227–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox, R. W. (1981). Social forces, states and world orders: Beyond international relations theory. Millennium-Journal of International Studies, 10(2), 126–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, A., & Lemert, C. (2006). The new individualism: The emotional costs of globalisation. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Embong, A. R. (2000). Globalization and transnational class relations: Some problems of conceptualisation. Third World Quarterly, 21(6), 989–2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fail, H. (2011). Teaching and learning in international schools: A consideration of the stakeholders and their expectations. In R. Bates (Ed.), Schooling internationally: Globalisation, internationalisation and the future for international schools (pp. 101–120). London: Routledge.

  • Featherstone, M. (1995). Undoing culture, globalisation, postmodernism and identity. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Findlay, A. M., King, R., Stam, A., & Ruiz-Gelices, E. (2006). Ever reluctant Europeans. The changing Geographies of UK students studying and working abroad. European Urban and Regional Studies, 13(4), 291–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Findlay, A. M., King, R., Smith, F. M., Geddes, A., & Skeldon, R. (2012). World class? An investigation of globalisation, difference and international student mobility. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37(1), 118–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giralt, R., & Bailey, A. (2010). Transnational familyhood and the liquid life paths of South Americans in the UK. Global Networks, 10(3), 383–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldthorpe, J. (1995). The service class revisited. In T. Butler & M. Savage (Eds.), Social change and the middle classes (pp. 313–329). London: UCL.

  • Hannerz, U. (1996). Transnational connections. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayden, M. (2006). Introduction to international education. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayden, M., Rancic, B., & Thompson, J. (2000). Being international: Student and teacher perceptions from international schools. Oxford Review of Education, 26(1), 107–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, P. (2004). Making global society: Friendship networks among transnational professionals in the building design industry. Global Networks, 4, 157–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kenway, J. (2013). http://education.monash.edu.au/research/projects/elite-schools/index.html. Accessed 01 Aug 2013.

  • Kreckel, R. (2006). On national and global “middle classes” (Paper prepared for the Indian-German Workshop, University of Munich, 7–8 September 2006). http://www2.soziologie.uni-halle.de/emeriti/kreckel/docs/middleclass04.pdf. Accessed 28 Jan 2014.

  • Kupfer, A. (2011). Towards a theoretical framework for the comparative understanding of globalisation, higher education, the labour market and inequality. Journal of Education and Work, 24(1–2), 185–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ley, D. (2004). Transnational spaces and everyday lives. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 29, 151–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lockwood, D. (1995). Marking out the middle class(es). In T. Butler & M. Savage (Eds.), Social change and the middle classes (pp. 1–12). London: UCL.

  • MacKenzie, P., Hayden, M., & Thompson, J. (2003). Parental priorities in the selection of international schools. Oxford Review of Education, 29(3), 299–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, C. (2013). Becoming accomplished: Concerted cultivation among privately educated young women. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 21(1), 75–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, E. (1991). ESL: A handbook for teachers and administrators in international schools. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • NSW Government Schools—DEC International. (2013). http://www.decinternational.nsw.edu.au/study/schools/about-nsw-schools. Accessed 08 Aug 2013.

  • Ong, A. (2006). Mutations in citizenship. Theory, Culture and Society, 23(2–3), 499–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orfield, G., Frankenberg, E., et al. (2013). Educational Delusions? Why Choice can deepen inequality and how to make schools fair. Berkley: University of California Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, L. (2007). Globalisation and everyday life. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizvi, F. (2005). International education and the production of cosmopolitan identities (pp. 1–11). Transnational Seminar Series at the Univeristy of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

  • Robson, G., & Butler, T. (2001). Coming to terms with London: Middle-class communities in a global city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 25(1), 70–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sassen, S. (2000). New frontiers facing urban sociology at the Millennium. The British Journal of Sociology, 51, 143–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sassen, S. (2001). The global city. New York: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sassen, S. (2009). Digging in the shadows. In J. Kenway & J. Fahey (Eds.), Globalizing the research imagination (pp. 115–133). London: Routledge.

  • Scott, S. (2006). The social morphology of skilled migration: The case of the british middle class in paris. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 32, 1105–1129.

  • Silverman, R. (04 July 2013). Foreign pupils should attend British schools, says David Cameron. The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/10158984/Foreign-pupils-should-attend-British-schools-says-David-Cameron.html. Accessed 28 Jan 2014.

  • Singh, M., Rizvi, F., & Shrestha, M. (2007). Student mobility and the spatial production of cosmopolitan identities. In K. Gulson & C. Symes (Eds.), Spatial theories of education: Policy and geography matters (pp. 195–214). London: Routledge.

  • Sklair, L. (2001). The transnational capitalist class. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. P. (2005). Transnational urbanism revisited. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31, 235–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tollefsen, A., & Lindgren, U. (2006). Transnational citizens or circulating semi-proletarians? A study of migration circulation between Sweden and Asia, Latin America and Africa between 1968 and 2000. Population, Space and Place, 12(6), 517–527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urry, J. (1999). Sociology beyond societies. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Zanten, A. (2003). Middle class parents and social mix in French urban schools: Reproduction and transformation of class relations. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 13(2), 107–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, C. (2007). Les classes sociales dans la mondialisation. Paris: La Découverte.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waters, J. L. (2007). ‘Roundabout routes and sanctuary schools’: The role of situated educational practices and habitus in the creation of transnational professionals. Global Networks, 7(4), 477–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, A. (2002). Does education matter? Myths about education and economic growth. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeoh, B. (2005). Observations on transnational urbanism: Possiblities, politics and the costs of simultaneity. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(2), 409–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yeoh, B., & Willis, K. (2005). Singaporean and British transmigrants in China and the cultural politics of ‘contact zones’. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(2), 269–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephen J. Ball.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ball, S., Nikita, D. The global middle class and school choice: a cosmopolitan sociology. Z Erziehungswiss 17 (Suppl 3), 81–93 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-014-0523-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-014-0523-4

Keywords

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation