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Norwegian perspectives on aesthetic education and the contemporary conception of cultural literacy as Bildung (‘danning’)

Norwegische Perspektiven auf ästhetische Bildung und die zeitgenössische Auffassung von „cultural literacy“ als Bildung (‚danning‘)

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Abstract

This article aims at describing a Norwegian contemporary context as basis for developing a perspective on aesthetic education. The Norwegian concept for Bildung is ‘dannelse’ or ‘danning’. The notion of cultural literacy will be considered as one contemporary conception of Bildung in a Norwegian context. The article consists of three parts. In the first part recent developments of the understanding of what ‘danning’ implies in Norwegian educational context are presented, with special focus on the dynamics between the general and the individual. As the second part of the article a study of arts and culture in Norway is presented briefly. In the third part Gunther Kress’ (Literacy in the new media age, 2003; The conference reading images: multimodality, representation and new media, 2004; Contemporary issues in educational studies and research. An exploration in the frame of a social semiotic multimodal theory of meaning-making, 2012) theory of multimodality, and the concept ‘literacy’, including cultural literacy is introduced. Cultural literacy is suggested to be a concept describing ‘danning’ from the perspective of late modernity. The fourth part of the article comprises the presentation of a few research and development projects focusing on arts, culture and aesthetic education in Norway—with a side glance to Sweden and Finland. The examples illustrate more concretely what an aesthetic education might be. The competence of the teacher is underlined as a prerequisite for qualified teaching of arts subjects, as well as for teaching with an aesthetic perspective as a leading thread in all teaching. Through the focus on meaning making, the aesthetic approach may contribute to the qualification of a conception of ‘danning’ as cultural literacy.

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Artikel wird die ästhetische Bildung (in Norwegen beschrieben als „dannelse“ oder „danning“) im Kontext aktueller Debatten in Norwegen entfaltet. Zentral für die norwegische Debatte ist der Begriff „cultural literacy“ bzw. kulturelle Literalität. Der Artikel besteht aus drei Teilen. Im ersten Teil werden die jüngsten Entwicklungen zum Verständnis dessen, was unter ‚danning‘ im norwegischen pädagogischen Kontext impliziert ist, dargestellt und dabei im Besonderen auf die Dynamik zwischen dem Allgemeinen und dem Individuellen eingegangen. Im zweiten Teil des Artikels werden Ergebnisse einer Studie über Kunst und Kultur in Norwegen vorgestellt. Im dritten Teil wird die Theorie der Multimodalität von Gunther Kress (Literacy in the new media age, 2003; The Conference reading images: multimodality, representation and new media, 2004; Contemporary issues in educational studies and research. An exploration in the frame of a social semiotic multimodal theory of meaning-making, 2012) und der Begriff der kulturellen Literalität eingeführt und vorgeschlagen, diese als ein Konzept ästhetischer Bildung in der späten Moderne zu beschreiben. Im vierten Abschnitt werden Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekte mit Schwerpunkt auf Kunst, Kultur und ästhetische Bildung in Norwegen – mit einem kurzen Blick auch auf die Entwicklung in Schweden und Finnland – dargestellt. Anschließende Beispiele zeigen konkret, wie ästhetische Erziehung aussehen könnte. Dabei kommt der Kompetenz der Lehrkraft als Voraussetzung für einen qualifizierten Unterricht in musischen Fächern besondere Bedeutung zu. Durch den Fokus auf die Konstruktion von Bedeutung trägt die ästhetische Erziehung in besonderer Weise zu einer Anreicherung des Bildungskonzepts als kulturelle Literalität bei.

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Østern, AL. Norwegian perspectives on aesthetic education and the contemporary conception of cultural literacy as Bildung (‘danning’). Z Erziehungswiss 16 (Suppl 3), 43–63 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-013-0435-8

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