Zusammenfassung
Die Integration aller möglichen zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen wird häufig als Voraussetzung für verlässliche Entscheidungen betrachtet. Befunde aus der psychologischen Grundlagenforschung zeigen dagegen, wie unter gewissen Umständen gerade das Ignorieren von Information zu guten Entscheidungen führen kann. Wir demonstrieren diesen der Intuition zuwiderlaufenden Sachverhalt anhand von drei einfachen Heuristiken — der Blickheuristik, der Rekognitionsheuristik sowie der Heuristik Take The Best — und erläutern, unter welchen Voraussetzungen diese Heuristiken mit Erfolg eingesetzt werden können.
Summary
When Knowledge Can Be More — Simple heuristics for psychological decision-making
The integration of all available pieces of information is frequently seen as a prerequisite for reliable decisions. Yet evidence from basic research in psychology shows that under certain circumstances, ignoring information can lead to good decisions. We will demonstrate this counter-intuitive proposition using three simple heuristics — the gaze heuristics, the recognition heuristics and the Take The Best heuristic. We will further explicate under which conditions these heuristics can be applied successfully.
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Dieckmann, A., Krauss, S. Wenn weniger Wissen mehr sein kann. ZfE 8, 187–201 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-005-0133-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-005-0133-2
Schlüsselwörter
- Einfache Heuristiken
- One-reason decision making
- Rekognitionsheuristik
- Take The Best
- ökologische Rationalität