The study by Blackstock et al.1 is a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians (PCPs) regarding their self-reported awareness, adoption, and attitudes associated with adoption of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Although 93 % of respondents reported awareness of PrEP, only 34.9 % reported PrEP adoption, defined as ever having prescribed or referred a patient for PrEP. Compared with PrEP non-adopters, adopters were more likely to care for HIV-positive patients, report better knowledge about PrEP, and perceive PrEP as extremely safe. Compared with adopters, non-adopters were more likely to perceive PrEP use as leading to risk compensation.

While this article provides important insight into prescribing patterns and attitudes of PCPs, it has some confounders. First, the sample may not be fully generalizable given the low response rate (8.6 %) and potential sampling bias, since the participants comprised a convenience sample of primarily academic PCPs who were members of the same academic professional society. However, the authors note that the response rate was similar to those in previous studies on the topic.2 , 3 Second, the survey focused on self-reported knowledge about PrEP and its side effects. While self-reported knowledge is helpful for assessing confidence and comfort in prescribing PrEP, it may not translate into actual knowledge about PrEP and its side effects.

This article has important clinical implications. First, the fact that the rate of PrEP adoption (35 %) was among the highest in the literature is promising, suggesting that with time, adoption will continue to increase as PCPs become more aware of and comfortable with PrEP screening and initiation. Given that the majority of the 1.2 million individuals in the USA who are eligible for PrEP have not initiated it,4 and that most PCPs are aware of PrEP,1 it will be important to identify precisely where the bottleneck is occurring in the clinical process of prescribing PrEP (i.e., screening for eligibility, counseling about benefits and risks, prescribing/referring, monitoring). Future studies should investigate where barriers to prescribing might arise and should assess interventions targeting these steps. Furthermore, as institutions begin developing PrEP protocols to streamline prescribing processes, re-assessment of PrEP adaption will be imperative.