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Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors <2 cm on Preoperative Imaging are Associated with a Low Incidence of Nodal Metastasis and an Excellent Overall Survival

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery volume 17, pages 2105–2113 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

Background

The optimal surgical management of small nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETs) remains controversial. We sought to identify (1) clinicopathologic factors associated with survival in NF-PNETs and (2) preoperative tumor characteristics that can be used to determine which lesions require resection and lymph node (LN) harvest.

Methods

The records of all 116 patients who underwent resection for NF-PNETs between 1989 and 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative factors, operative data, pathology, surgical morbidity, and survival were analyzed.

Results

The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 83.9 and 72.8 %, respectively. Negative LNs (p = 0.005), G1 or G2 histology (p = 0.033), and age <60 years (p = 0.002) correlated with better survival on multivariate analysis. The 10-year survival rate was 86.6 % for LN-negative patients (n = 73) and 34.1 % for LN-positive patients (n = 32). Tumor size ≥2 cm on preoperative imaging predicted nodal positivity with a sensitivity of 93.8 %. Positive LNs were found in 38.5 % of tumors ≥2 cm compared to only 7.4 % of tumors <2 cm.

Conclusions

LN status, a marker of systemic disease, was a highly significant predictor of survival in this series. Tumor size on preoperative imaging was predictive of nodal disease. Thus, it is reasonable to consider parenchyma-sparing resection or even close observation for NF-PNETs <2 cm.

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Author information

Affiliations

  1. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Paul A. Toste, Brian E. Kadera, Barbara M. Clerkin, Oscar J. Hines, Howard A. Reber & Timothy R. Donahue

  2. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA

    James S. Tomlinson

  3. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Sergei F. Tatishchev & David W. Dawson

  4. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Timothy R. Donahue

  5. Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Raman Muthusamy & Rabindra Watson

  6. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA

    David W. Dawson, James S. Tomlinson, Oscar J. Hines, Howard A. Reber & Timothy R. Donahue

  7. Institute for Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA

    David W. Dawson & Timothy R. Donahue

  8. 72-229 Center for the Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1749, USA

    Paul A. Toste

  9. 72-256 Center for the Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6904, USA

    Timothy R. Donahue

Authors
  1. Paul A. Toste
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Correspondence to Paul A. Toste or Timothy R. Donahue.

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Toste, P.A., Kadera, B.E., Tatishchev, S.F. et al. Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors <2 cm on Preoperative Imaging are Associated with a Low Incidence of Nodal Metastasis and an Excellent Overall Survival. J Gastrointest Surg 17, 2105–2113 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-013-2360-9

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Keywords

  • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
  • Nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
  • Pancreatic neoplasms
  • Pancreatectomy