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Immunonutrition with Long-Chain Fatty Acids Prevents Activation of Macrophages in the Gut Wall

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

Abstract

Background

Immune cells and inflammatory mediators are released from the gastrointestinal tract into the mesenteric lymph during sepsis causing distant organ dysfunction. Recently, it was demonstrated that macrophages in the gut wall are controlled by the vagus nerve, the so-called cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.

Aim

This study aims to investigate whether an enteral diet with lipid prevents the activation of leukocytes in the gut wall.

Methods

Mesenteric lymph was obtained from rats, receiving an enteral infusion of glucose or glucose + lipid before and after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Immune cells in mesenteric lymph were analyzed with fluorescence-activated cell sorting before and after LPS injection. Mesenteric lymph leukocytes from rats receiving enteral glucose with or without lipid were stimulated in vitro with LPS and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α was measured in the supernatant.

Results

The release of macrophages from the gut during sepsis was not significantly different in animals enterally treated with glucose or lipid. However, the release of TNFα from mesenteric lymph leukocytes after in vitro LPS stimulation was more than 3-fold higher in the glucose group compared to the lipid-treated group.

Conclusions

During sepsis, activated macrophages are released from the gut into mesenteric lymph. However, an enteral diet with lipid is able to suppress the inflammatory cytokine release from mesenteric lymph leukocytes.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from FORTÜNE 1843-0-0.

Conflict of Interest

We do not have any conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany

    Friederike Eisner, Maximilian Feilitzsch, Markus A. Küper, Ingmar Königsrainer & Jörg Glatzle

  2. Department of Visceral Surgery, Westpfalz Hospital Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Petra Jacob

  3. Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany

    Julia-Stefanie Frick & Julia Geisel

  4. Department of General Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

    Mario H. Mueller

  5. Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA

    Helen E. Raybould

  6. Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany

    Jörg Glatzle

Authors
  1. Friederike Eisner
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  2. Petra Jacob
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  3. Julia-Stefanie Frick
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  4. Maximilian Feilitzsch
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  5. Julia Geisel
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  6. Mario H. Mueller
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  7. Markus A. Küper
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  8. Helen E. Raybould
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  9. Ingmar Königsrainer
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  10. Jörg Glatzle
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jörg Glatzle.

Additional information

Friederike Eisner and Petra Jacob contributed equally to this manuscript.

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Eisner, F., Jacob, P., Frick, JS. et al. Immunonutrition with Long-Chain Fatty Acids Prevents Activation of Macrophages in the Gut Wall. J Gastrointest Surg 15, 853–859 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-011-1431-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-011-1431-z

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