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Changes in the ADC of diffusion-weighted MRI with the oscillating gradient spin-echo (OGSE) sequence due to differences in substrate viscosities

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Abstract

Purpose

Compared with the conventional pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) sequence, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with the oscillating gradient spin-echo (OGSE) sequence can shorten the diffusion time by changing the frequency. The purpose was to investigate whether n-alkanes are suitable as isotropic phantoms for estimating the diffusion coefficient with the OGSE sequence.

Materials and methods

We investigated changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) due to differences in the viscosities of nine n-alkane phantoms with different numbers of carbon atoms from C8H18 to C16H34 using OGSE and PGSE sequences at 21 °C. Effective diffusion times of 4.3, 5.1, 6.5, 9.3, 20, 40, and 60 ms were used. The T2 relaxation times of each n-alkane phantom were measured using quantitative synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Circular regions of interest were placed manually within the alkane phantoms on ADC and T2 maps.

Results

In each alkane phantom, changes in mean ADC values were almost constant with changes in diffusion times. Viscosities and ADC values showed inverse proportionality, as expected theoretically.

Conclusion

The ADC values of alkanes do not depend on diffusion times. The n-alkanes can be useful phantoms for assessing the accuracy of clinical protocols of DWI with the OGSE sequence.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Karolinska University for providing QRAPMASTER to us.

Funding

This study was supported in part by a High Technology Research Center Grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (MEXT).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan

    Tomoko Maekawa, Masaaki Hori, Issei Fukunaga, Christina Andica, Akifumi Hagiwara, Koji Kamagata, Saori Koshino & Shigeki Aoki

  2. Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan

    Tomoko Maekawa, Akifumi Hagiwara, Saori Koshino & Osamu Abe

  3. Siemens Healthcare Japan KK, Gate City Osaki West Tower, 11-1 Osaka 1-Chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-8644, Japan

    Katsutoshi Murata

  4. Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Henkestrasse 127, 91052, Erlangen, Germany

    Thorsten Feiweier

Authors
  1. Tomoko Maekawa
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  2. Masaaki Hori
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  3. Katsutoshi Murata
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  4. Thorsten Feiweier
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  5. Issei Fukunaga
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  6. Christina Andica
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  7. Akifumi Hagiwara
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  8. Koji Kamagata
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  9. Saori Koshino
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  10. Osamu Abe
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  11. Shigeki Aoki
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tomoko Maekawa.

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Conflict of interest

K Murata and Thorsten Feiweier are employees of Siemens Healthcare. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical statement

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. This study received the approval of the institutional review board of our hospital.

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Maekawa, T., Hori, M., Murata, K. et al. Changes in the ADC of diffusion-weighted MRI with the oscillating gradient spin-echo (OGSE) sequence due to differences in substrate viscosities. Jpn J Radiol 36, 415–420 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-018-0737-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-018-0737-0

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