Abstract
The present study deals with investigating the spatial variation of suspended sediment properties in the Sutlej river basin (SRB). Twenty sampling locations were selected in the Sutlej river and its tributaries, and sediment sampling was carried out during monsoon season. The suspended sediment properties, namely suspended sediment concentration (SSC), particle size distribution (PSD), shape, and mineralogy, were measured through dynamic imaging, laser diffraction, and x-ray diffraction techniques. It was found that there is a wide variation of SSC, whereas there is an insignificant variation of PSD, shape, and mineralogy in the SRB. The highest SSC (2841 mg/l) was observed in the Kiran tributary, whereas the lowest (131 mg/l) was in the Titang tributary. The highest SSC (1749 mg/l) in the Sutlej main stem was observed at Khab, the topmost sampling location. The mean particle size varies from 6.00 to 25.36 µm (5.53–7.53 Φ). Shape analysis showed high degree of sphericity varying from 0.81 to 0.88 and slight elongation varying from 0.70 to 0.8. Mineralogical analysis depicts the dominance of quartz (66.73–82.25%) in the SRB. International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 62364 (IEC 62364 (2019) Hydraulic machines—Guidelines for dealing with hydro-abrasive erosion in Kaplan, Francis, and Pelton turbines, 2nd edn. Geneva, Switzerland) based average shape and hardness factors for SRB were estimated as 1.36 and 0.85, respectively. The maximum particle load for SRB was estimated as 0.014 kg/m3.
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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The authors sincerely acknowledge the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India, for providing PhD scholarship to the first author. The authors express sincere gratitude to the Institute Instrumentation Centre, IIT Roorkee, for carrying out XRD analysis of samples.
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Arora, N., Kumar, A. & Singal, S.K. Spatial variation of suspended sediment properties in the Sutlej river basin of Indian Himalayas. Acta Geophys. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-024-01322-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-024-01322-6