Abstract
With the expansion of science and technology worldwide, various satellite products of meteorological parameters have been developed, which can compensate for the lack of observational data. However, to use these products effectively, their accuracy needs to be verified. Therefore, this study investigates the precision of NASA POWER satellite minimum and maximum air temperature data in 70 synoptic stations in Iran from 1987 to 2018. The study examines the data on three-time scales, with 0.5 degree spatial resolution. The findings indicate that the degree of exactness in the NASA POWER temperature data was greater during the monthly interval. The performance of the minimum and maximum air temperature data of the NASA POWER database has been relatively constant in different latitudes. However, changes in the performance of NASA POWER products in stations with different altitudes indicate that the performance of maximum air temperature is better in stations with an altitude of > 1900 m.a.s.l. On the other hand, altitude greatly affects the accuracy of the performance of the satellite model's maximum air temperature. On a daily and monthly time scale, altitude does not significantly impact the minimum temperature data, but on an annual scale, NASA POWER products perform better at low-altitude stations. Hence, the RMSE error values are lower in stations with an altitude of 400–700 m.a.s.l (RMSE = 2.8 °C) than in stations with an altitude of > 1900 m.a.s.l (RMSE = 6.9 °C). NASA-POWER products perform better in summer than in winter. The RMSE error values in the hot months of the year were between 2.64 and 2.81 °C all over Iran, while the minimum temperature in the cold months of the year was between 6.26 and 7.48 °C, which is significantly different. The research also showed that NASA POWER data are more accurate at maximum temperature than at minimum temperature, and these products have less accuracy at minimum temperatures in cold regions. Additionally, the results showed that the error rate in minimum and maximum data in dry and hot regions was less than in other regions, and this satellite product had a more acceptable performance in detecting the temperature of hot and desert regions. The investigation of diverse return periods of minimum and maximum air temperatures elucidates that in arid and parched areas, the maximum air temperature escalates as the return period amplifies; conversely, in hilly and moist regions, the minimum air temperature heightens with the upsurge of the return period. The consequences garnered from this exploration can be employed in meteorological and climatologic analyses and drought inquiries.
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The authors would like to reveal their gratitude and appreciation to the Iranian Meteorological Organization for providing data.
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Kheyruri, Y., Sharafati, A. & Ahmadi Lavin, J. Performance assessment of NASA POWER temperature product with different time scales in Iran. Acta Geophys. 72, 1175–1189 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-023-01186-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-023-01186-2