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Scour around spur dike in curved channel: a review

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Abstract

A spur dike is a hydraulic structure, protruding in a river or channel used for several purposes like protection of river-bank erosion and deepening of the main channel. The present paper discusses pre-existing research work on flow pattern and prediction of temporal and maximum scours depth around the spur dikes placed in different locations at 90\(^\circ \) and 180° curved channels. The equations having approximately 2.367, 4.47, 0.17, and 0.271 (average) times with their corresponding experimental data. The parameters, influencing the scour process and flow pattern, have been identified as the ratio of flow intensity to critical velocity (V/Vc ≥ 1) is below 1 and special kind of bedding material is approximately 10 % greater than under live-bed condition and many more. The numerical value of the Froude number and the geometry of the bed surface material are also discussed in this paper. Based on these parameters, the empirical formulations and experimental studies on local scours around the straight, L-shaped, T-shaped spurs, placed at 30°, 45°, 60°, 120°, and 180° azimuthal angles have been discussed. Various numerical schemes proposed in almost seventy-five literatures have been summarized. A critical review of numerical and experimental results found in different works related to temporal and maximum scour depth, flow characteristics, and bed topography around the dike shows that the data and accompanying results are insufficient for the design of spurs used as river structures in curved channels. There are needs to carry out extensive experiments, under various flow conditions, to examine the flow behavior and scouring processes around the spurs. Due to complex flow pattern and scouring processes, taking place around the spur, it becomes difficult to understand the real physics behind these phenomenon and therefore, data-driven models are suggested to arrive at more reasonable relationships required to be used for design purposes.

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Abbreviations

\(a\) :

Width of scour

\(a_{1} ,\;a_{2} ,\;a_{3} \;{\text{and}}\;a_{4}\) :

Constants

\(B\) :

Wing length of spur dike

\(c\) :

Upstream length of scour

\(d\) :

Downstream length of scour

\({d}_{z}\) :

Scour depth at any time instant \(t\)

\({D}_{m}\) :

Maximum scour depth

\({d}_{50}\) :

Median diameter of bed sediment

\(Fr\) :

Froude number of approach flow

\(g\) :

Acceleration due to gravity

\({k}_{i}\) where \(i\) :

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6: constants

\(K_{\theta } ,\;K_{L} ,\;K_{{{\text{Fr}}}}\) :

Functions of \(\theta \), \(Fr,\) and \(L,\) respectively

\(L\) :

Length of spur dike

\({R}_{c}\) :

Lenter radius of the bend

\({t}_{e}\) :

Time required to reach equilibrium or maximum scour depth

\(V\) :

Approach velocity

\({V}_{c}\) :

Bed particle critical velocity

\({V}_{*c}\) :

Critical shear velocity

\({V}_{0}\) :

Scour volume

\(W\) :

Width of channel

\(y\) :

Approach flow depth

\(\varphi \) :

Maximum dimension of scour parameters

\(\tau \) :

Bed shear stress

\(\theta \) :

Inclination angle of spur dike

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  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India

    Ravi Prakash Tripathi & Kamlesh Kumar Pandey

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  1. Ravi Prakash Tripathi
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Correspondence to Ravi Prakash Tripathi.

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Edited by Dr. Giulio Dolcetti (GUEST EDITOR) / Dr. Michael Nones (CO-EDITOR-IN-CHIEF).

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Tripathi, R.P., Pandey, K.K. Scour around spur dike in curved channel: a review. Acta Geophys. 70, 2469–2485 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-022-00795-7

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