Abstract
To explore the distribution of and the mechanical properties (compressive strength) of the hardened body of alkali slag-fly ash cementitious materials, this study was conducted by using the XRD, FT-IR, SEM/EDS, and other test methods in three conditions: airtight drying (AD), airtight immersion (AI), and airtight soaking (AS). The 1D distribution law of free of hardened body under standard curing conditions was explored. The experimental results show that under standard curing conditions, the 1D distribution of within 0 d-3 d shows a ∨-shaped distribution, within 3–7 d show a ∧-shaped distribution, and within 7–28 d tends to be balanced. The test results of leaching rate show that the free was the most stable under AD conditions and the hardened body bound the most by XRD, FTIR and SEM/EDS. And the compressive strength of the hardened body was the highest. The compressive strength of 28th reached 95.9 MPa. The definite distribution of provides an important reference for the strength development and durability evaluation of the hardened body of alkali-excited cementitious materials.
References
Lv W, Sun Z, Su Z. Study of Seawater Mixed One-part Alkali Activated GGBFS-fly Ash[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2019, 106: 103 484
Shi Di, Zhang Wensheng, Ye Jiayuan, et al. The Effect of Curing Conditions on the Properties, Reaction Products and Microstructure of Silica-calcium Slag-based Alkali-initiated Cementitious Materials[J]. Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society, 2017, 45(08): 1 080–1 087
Am A, Rs B, To C, et al. Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag-based Alkali-activated Concrete: Mechanical, Transport and Microstructural Properties-Science Direct[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 257(10): 119548.1–119548.10
Ye Jiayuan, Zhang Wensheng. Research Progress of Nano-modified Alkali-initiated Gelling Materials[J]. Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society, 2020, 48(08): 1 263–1 277
Shi C. Strength, Pore Structure and Permeability of Alkali-activated Slag Mortars[J]. Cement & Concrete Research, 1996, 26(12): 1 789–1 799
ZHU He. Preparation of Alkaline Slag-based Geopolymers and Research on High Temperature Performance[D]. Guangxi: Guangxi University, 2016
Palomo A, Macias A, Blanco MT, et al. Physical, Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of Geopolymers[C]. In: Proceeding of the 9th International Congress on the Chenistry of Cement, 1992: 505–511
Fu Y, Cai L, Wu Y. Freeze-thaw Cycle Test and Damage Mechanics Models of Alkali-activated Slag Concrete[J]. Construction & Building Materials, 2011, 25(7): 3 144–3 148
Frantisek Skvára, Lubomír Kopeck, Vít Smilauer, et al. Material and Structural Characterization of Alkali Activated Low-Calcium Brown Coal Fly Ash[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 168(2–3): 711–720
Zhang Z, Provwas JL, Ma X, et al. Efflorescence and Subflorescence Induced Microstructural and Mechanical Evolution in Fly Ash-based Geopolymers[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2018, 92: 165–177
Alzaza A, Mastali M, Kinnunen P, et al. Production of Lightweight Alkali Activated Mortars Using Mineral Wools[J]. Materials, 2019, 12(10): 1 695
Mastali M, Alzaza A, Shaad KM, et al. Using Carbonated BOF Slag Aggregates in Alkali-Activated Concretes[J]. Materials, 2019, 12(8): 1 288–1 291
Nguyen QH, Lorente S, Duhart-Barone A, et al. Porous Arrangement and Transport Properties of Geopolymers[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 191(DEC.10): 853–865
Kang SP, Kwon SJ. Effects of Red Mud and Alkali-activated Slag Cement on Efflorescence in Cement Mortar[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 133(FEB.15): 459–467
Pratt PL, Wang SD, Pu XC, et al. Alkali-activated Slag Cement and Concrete: A Review of Properties and Problems[J]. Advances in Cement Research, 2015, 7(27): 93–102
Li Fangshu. Research on Inhibitory Measures of Efflorescence in Geopolymer Materials[D]. Jinan: University of Jinan, 2015
Zhang Z, Provwas JL, Reid A, et al. Fly Ash-based Geopolymers: The Relationship between Composition, Pore Structure and Efflorescence[J]. Cement & Concrete Research, 2014, 64: 30–41
Wang J, Zhou T, Xu D, et al. Effect of Nano-silica on the Efflorescence of Waste based Alkali-activated Inorganic Binder[J]. Construction & Building Materials, 2018, 167: 381–390
Xiao X, Liu Y L, JG Dai, et al. Inhibiting Efflorescence Formation on Fly Ash-based Geopolymer via Silane Surface Modification[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2018, 94: 43–52
Chen Lijun, Wang Dejun, Kong Lingwei, et al. Research on R/Al Control Method of Alkali-activated Cementitious Materials[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 35(05): 23–28
Rui Ding, Lijun Chen, Yinshan Jiang. The Control Methods of R/Al of Alkali-activated Cementing Material-The Experimental Verification of R/Al Calculation Method of Alkali-activated Cementing Materials[J]. IPPTA: Quarterly Journal of Indian Pulp and Paper Technical Association, 2018, 30(8): 939–947
Ding Rui, Chen Lijun, Jiang Yinshan. Application of R/Al Ratio in Preparation of Alkali Activated Cementitious Materials in Chemical Industry based on Industrial Waste Esidue Treatment[J]. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 2018, 71: 1 489–1 494
Cui Chao, Peng Hui, Liu Yang, et al. Influence of Slag Content and Activator Modulus on Room Temperature Solidification of Metakaolin Base Polymer[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2017, 020(004): 535–542
Ding Rui. Research on Alkali-activated Oil Shale Slag-slag Composite Cementitious Material and Its Quality Control Method[D]. Jilin: Jilin University, 2019
Hwang CL, MD Yehualaw, Vo DH, et al. Development of High-strength Alkali-activated Pastes Containing High Volumes of Waste Brick and Ceramic Powders[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 218(SEP.10): 519–529
Chen W, Peng R, Straub C, et al. Promoting the Performance of One-part Alkali-activated Slag Using Fine Lead-zinc Mine Tailings[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 236: 117 745
Huang G, Yang K, Sun Y, et al. Influence of NaOH Content on the Alkali Conversion Mechanism in MSWI Bottom Ash Alkali-activated Mortars[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 248: 118 582
Tchakoute HK, Ruescher CH, Kong S, et al. Geopolymer Binders from Metakaolin Using Sodium Waterglass from Waste Glass and Rice Husk Ash as Alternative Activators: A Comparative Study[J]. Construction & Building Materials, 2016, 114(jul.1): 276–289
Ismail I, Bernal SA, Provis JL, et al. Modification of Phase Evolution in Alkali-activated Blast Furnace Slag by the Incorporation of Fly Ash[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2014, 45: 125–135
A Fernández-Jiménez, Palomo A, Criado M. Microstructure Development of Alkali-activated Fly Ash Cement: A Descriptive Model[J]. Cement & Concrete Research, 2005, 35(6): 1 204–1 209
A A M, B R S, C T O, et al. Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag-based Alkali-activated Concrete: Mechanical, Transport and Microstructural Properties-ScienceDirect[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 257
Sun K, Peng X, Wang S, et al. Effect of Nano-SiO2 on the Efflorescence of an Alkali-activated Metakaolin Mortar[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 253: 118 952
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Conflict of interest
All authors declare that there are no competing interests.
Funded by the Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No.51808025), and the Pyramid Talent Training Project of BUCEA (No.JDYC20200329)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bian, L., Tao, Z., Wang, X. et al. Distribution of Na+ and Mechanical Properties of Hardened Body of Alkali-activated Cementitious Materials. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit. 38, 849–856 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-023-2768-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-023-2768-3