Abstract
Chloride binding is often described by chloride binding isotherm, which is closely related to the service life of concrete structures in chloride environments. Many methods have been proposed to determine chloride binding isotherm. Compared to other methods, chloride binding isotherms obtained directly from nonsteady-state diffusion tests seem closer to the reality. We studied the chloride binding isotherm from both nonsteady-state electrical-accelerated migration and diffusion tests at different temperatures. Twelve concrete mixes with different supplementary cementing materials and water-to-binder ratios of 0.35, 0.48 and 0.6 were cast for study. The specimens after diffusion (or migration) tests were sliced layer by layer, and acid-soluble and free chloride contents of each layer were measured. A chloride binding isotherm was obtained from one specimen. Experimental results indicated that electrical voltage had a slight effect on the chloride binding isotherm of concrete. Temperature had a positive effect on chloride binding. The higher the water-to-binder ratio was, the higher the chloride binding was.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P Henocq, J Marchand, E Samson, et al. Modeling of Ionic Interactions at the C-S-H Surface-Application to CsCl and LiCl Solutions in Comparison with NaCl Solutions[C]. 2nd Int. Symp. on Advances in Concrete through Science and Engineering, France, 2006
E Samson, J Marchand. Modeling the Effect of Temperature on Ionic Transport in Cementitious Materials[J]. Cem. and Concr. Res., 2007, 37(3): 455–468
Q Yuan, C Shi, G De Schutter, et al. Chloride Binding of Cement-based Materials Subjected to External Chloride Environment-A Review[J]. Constru. and Buil Mater., 2009, 28(1): 1–13
L Tang, L-O Nilssson. Chloride Binding Capacity and Binding Isotherms of OPC Pastes and Mortars[J]. Cem. and Concr. Res., 1993, 23(2): 247–253
A Khitab, S Lorente, J P Ollivier. Predictive Model for Chloride Penetration through Concrete[J]. Mag. of Concr. Res., 2005, 57(9): 511–520
W Sergi, S W Yu, C L Page. Diffusion of Chloride and Hydroxyl Ions in Cementitious Materials Exposed to a Saline Environment[J]. Mag. of Concr. Res., 1992, 44(158): 63–69
K D Stanish. The Migration of Chloride Ions in Concrete[D]. Toronto: University of Toronto, 2002
M Castellote, C Andrade, C Alonso. Chloride Binding Isotherms in Concrete Submitted to Non-Steady-State Migration Experiments[J]. Cem. and Concr. Res., 1999, 29(11): 1 799–1 806
D Voinitchi, S Julien, S Lorente. The Relation between Electrokinetics and Chloride Transport through Cement-based Materials[J]. Cem. and Concre. Compos., 2008, 30(3): 157–166
G K Glass, Y Wang, N R Buenfeldl. An Investigation of Experimental Methods Used to Determine Free and Total Chloride Contents[J]. Cem. and Concr. Res., 1996, 26(9): 1 443–1 449
N Otsuki, S Nagataki, K Nakashita. Evaluation of AgNO3 Solution Spray Method for Measurement of Chloride Penetration into Hardened Cementitious Materials[J]. ACI Mater. J. 1992, November–December: 587–592
M N Haque, O A Kayyali. Free and Water-soluble Chloride in Concrete[J]. Cem. and Concr. Res., 1995, 25(3): 531–542
T Ishida, S Miyahara, T Maruya. Chloride Binding Capacity of Mortars Made with Various Portland Cements and Mineral Admixtures[J]. J. of Advan. Concr. Tech., 2008, 6(2): 287–301
Q Yuan. Fundamental Studies on Test Methods for the Transport of Chloride Ions in Cementitious Materials[D]. Belgium: Ghent University, 2009
J P Ollivier, J Arsenault, O Truc, et al. Determination of Chloride Binding Isotherms from Migration Tests[C]. Mario Collepardi Symposium on Advances in Concrete Science and Technology, Rome, 1997
Z Hassan. Binding of External Chloride by Cement Pastes[D]. Toronto: University of Toronto, 2001
M H Roberts. Effect of Calcium Chloride on the Durability of Pretensioned Wire in Prestressed Concrete[J]. Mag. of Concr. Res., 1962, 14(42): 143–154
J Larsson. The Enrichment of Chlorides in Expressed Concrete Pore Solution Submerged in Saline Solution[C]. Proceedings of the Nordic Seminar on Field Studies of Chloride Initiated Reinforcement Corrosion in Concrete, 1995
T S Nguyen, L Sylvie, C Myriam. Chloride Diffusion through CEM-I and CEM-V Mortars: Impact of the Temperature[C]. 1st International Conference Construction Heritage in Coastal and Marine Environments, 2008
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Funded by Ghent University, Belgium and Central South University (No. 2010QZZD018)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yuan, Q., Deng, D., Shi, C. et al. Chloride binding isotherm from migration and diffusion tests. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mat. Sci. Edit. 28, 548–556 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-013-0729-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-013-0729-y