Effects of radiation and chemical reaction on Cu–Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$/water hybrid flow past a melting surface in the existence of cross magnetic field

Abstract

Leverages of magnetic cross-field, thermal radiation, second order chemical reaction on the unsteady three dimensional flow of electrically conducting Cu–Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$/water hybrid nanofluid flow past a bidirectionally stretchable melting surface are investigated in the present scrutiny. A comparative inspection of Cu–Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$/water hybrid nanofluid and Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$/water nanofluid is achieved. The compatible models for the thermo-physical properties are chosen. The highly coupled nonlinear boundary layer partial differential equations and the associated initial-boundary restrictions are converted into a dimensionless structure employing the appropriate non dimensional variables. These dimension free equations are then fixed by preferring the explicit finite difference scheme. Since the current numerical procedure is conditionally stable, the convergence and stability criteria are established to justify the certainty of the outcomes. The superiority of the sundry parameters on the concentration, temperature and velocity profile in the boundary layer region are evaluated numerically and displayed through the diagrams. The responses of engineering coefficients (Nusselt number Nu, skin friction coefficients $Cf_X,Cf_Y$ and the Sherwood number Sh) in consequence of distinct parameters are exhibited through the tables. It is detected that the heat transfer and the mass transfer rate of Cu–Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$/water hybrid flow seem to be higher than that of Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$/water nanofluid flow. Due to the high thermal properties, hybrid nanofluids are chosen in many fields such as space, ships and defence, biomedical, nuclear system cooling and automotive.