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An NH4F-assisted chemical bath synthesis of NiCo2O4 nanoforms onto stainless-steel substrate as supercapacitor electrode

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Abstract

An NH4F-assisted chemical synthesis was carried out to develop NiCo2O4 nanostructures for supercapacitor (SC) electrode application. The study reveals that the presence of NH4F in the precursor during the chemical bath deposition (CBD) process changes the morphology of NiCo2O4 nanostructures from interconnected nanosheets to nanoform arrays on stainless steel (SS) substrates. This morphological transformation significantly influences the electrochemical charge storage properties of the SC electrode. Various structural characterizations further supported this conversion process. The nanoform arrays of NiCo2O4 exhibited an enhanced capacity, showing 548 mC cm−2 (913 C g−1) at j = 0.25 mA cm−2, more than the capacity of 488 mC cm−2 (813 C g−1) observed for interconnected nanosheets. This improvement is likely attributed to the enhanced electronic conduction and ionic diffusion pathways facilitated by the mesoporous electrode surface. In addition, an aqueous asymmetric hybrid SC was assembled using activated carbon on SS as the negative electrode and a nanoform NiCo2O4 on SS as the positive electrode. The hybrid SC exhibited a maximum capacity of 46 mC cm−2 at 5 mV s−1, accompanied by a maximum energy density of 7.70 μWh cm−2 and a maximum power density of 9751.61 μW cm−2, while maintaining stability at 59% over 10000 GCD cycles. This study provides insight into the influence of additives during CBD process on the electrochemical storage performance of SC electrodes.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by financial assistance for a major research project under Seed Money through S. M. Joshi College, Hadapsar, Pune, India. (Ref-RSS/SMJC/RAC/MRP/03, [622/2021-22,31/12/21]); the Mid-Career Researcher Program (NRF-2021R1A2C2007841) from the Korean National Research Foundation, funded by the Korean Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, S. M. Joshi College Hadapsar, Pune-28, 411028, India

    R. B. Waghmode

  2. School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea

    Jung-Rae Kim & N. C. Maile

  3. Annasaheb Awate Arts, Commerce & Hutatma Babu Genu Science College, Manchar, Pune, 410503, India

    N. S. Gaikwad

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Contributions

R.B. Waghmode: Conceptualization, Methodology, Experiments, Writing—original draft, Writing—review editing, Funding. N. S. Gaikwad: Investigation, Validation. Jung-Rae Kim: Conceptualization, Supervision, Funding. N. C. Maile: Conceptualization, Supervision, Resources, validation, Writing – review & editing Funding.

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Correspondence to N. C. Maile.

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Waghmode, R.B., Gaikwad, N.S., Kim, JR. et al. An NH4F-assisted chemical bath synthesis of NiCo2O4 nanoforms onto stainless-steel substrate as supercapacitor electrode. Ionics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05592-4

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