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Research on fire safety control and early warning mechanism for hybrid lithium-ion supercapacitors

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Abstract

The safety and failure mechanisms of energy storage devices are receiving increasing attention. With the widespread application of hybrid lithium-ion supercapacitors in new energy vehicles, energy storage, and rail transit, research on their safety and safety management urgently needs to be accelerated. This study investigated the response characteristics of a composite sensor, which included volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), smoke, and temperature sensors, in hybrid lithium-ion supercapacitors. A thermal runaway platform was constructed to examine both single cell and systems. The findings demonstrated that the composite sensor effectively detected pre-rupture swelling stages prior to thermal runaway. Additionally, the experiments showed that no fire or explosion occurred, and the thermal runaway did not propagate to other cells within the module. The prompt deployment of firefighting measures successfully suppressed the internal temperature rise in the supercapacitor system, reducing safety risks. As a result, a safety risk classification management strategy for hybrid lithium-ion supercapacitor systems was proposed, combining gas analysis and thermoelectric coupled monitoring, providing significant academic and practical value.

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Acknowledgements

This work is financially supported by the Shanghai “Central Guide local Science and Technology development fund project” (YDZX20223100003005), Shanghai Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Fund Industry-University-Research project (PKX2022-W03). The authors also wish to thank Shanghai Aowei Technology Development Co., Ltd.

Funding

Shanghai “Central Guide Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project” (YDZX20223100003005), Shanghai Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Fund Industry-University-Research project (PKX2022-W03).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Aowei Technology Development Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China

    Mingxia Wu, Can Zhang & Shengnan Xie

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  1. Mingxia Wu
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  2. Can Zhang
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Mingxia Wu wrote the main manuscript text; Can Zhang assisted with certain experiments; Shengnan Xie proofread and edited the content. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mingxia Wu.

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Wu, M., Zhang, C. & Xie, S. Research on fire safety control and early warning mechanism for hybrid lithium-ion supercapacitors. Ionics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05581-7

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