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Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 composite to enhance lithium storage properties

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Abstract

Using a hydrothermal method and subsequent heat treatment, a nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon (NSC) coated Li4Ti5O12 composite (referred to as LTO@NSC) is successfully synthesized. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is chosen as the carbon source, thiourea as the sulfur and nitrogen sources for doping ions. The presence of C-S and C-N bonds in XPS spectrums proves that the carbon layer has been doped with sulfur and nitrogen. Some of the sulfur and nitrogen replace the oxygen, which effectively change the cell volume and lattice spacing. Consequently, LTO@NSC greatly changes the structure from the uneven large ball to the nanoparticles and nanosheets. Apart from this, it shortens the length of electron and lithium-ion transport. Among them, the LTO@NSC maintains excellent performance at the rate capability (161 mAh/g at 10 C) and stability in cycling (after 400 cycles, the capacity retention rate was 98.5% at 10 C). The LTO@NSC has a capacity of 119.79 mAh/g with a decline rate of only 0.00552% each cycle, after 1000 cycles at 20 C.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3132023503).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Materials and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China

    Kairui Tao, Shize Fu, Mingzhe Yang, Ning Zhang, Kun Liu, Wenlong Liu, Yuhao Zhou, Song Li & Juncai Sun

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  1. Kairui Tao
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. SZ and MZ prepare the materials. K, N, YH, and WL performed the data collection. S and JC check the manuscript. And analysis was performed by KR. The first draft of the manuscript was written by KR, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Juncai Sun.

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Tao, K., Fu, S., Yang, M. et al. Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 composite to enhance lithium storage properties. Ionics 30, 2083–2091 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05418-3

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