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Studies on potassium-ion conducting gel polymer electrolytes containing poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) polymer, potassium permanganate salt added with different plasticizers

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Abstract

In this work, a comparative study is presented utilizing a K+ conducting gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) system comprising of a poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) polymer matrix combined with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) salt and two different plasticizers as a binary combination of ethylene carbonate (EC) + propylene carbonate (PC) and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME). The electrolyte with TEGDME solvent shows an ionic conductivity (σ) of 7.01 × 10−6 S cm−1 with hopping of ions as charge transport behavior. The fabricated electrolyte possesses > 98% contribution from the ions, and the electro-chemical stability range is up to 3.2 V. The dielectric analysis shows that the electrolyte with TEGDME solvent possesses a higher value of the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, tangent loss, and dc conductivity, along with a higher free ion number density (N) in comparison to the counter-electrolyte specimens with EC:PC solvent. The thermal studies confirm the gel phase of both electrolytes with negligible weight loss till 100 °C. Polymer-salt complex interactions are confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis is used to study the variations in crystallinity brought about by the polymer and both electrolyte samples.

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Acknowledgements

Vaishali Madhani acknowledges the DST-FIST program of Applied Physics Department (SR/FST/PS-II/2017/20) of The M.S. University of Baroda for XRD characterization of samples. Vaishali Madhani and Mahendrasingh Rathore are grateful to the Parul University for their unending research support. Deepak Kumar acknowledges Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India vide file No. CRG/2022/008719.

Funding

Research project by Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India vide file No. CRG/2022/008719.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Sciences (Physics), Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India

    Vaishali Madhani & Mahendra Singh Rathore

  2. Electronics and Mechanical Engineering School, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390008, India

    Deepak Kumar & Maitri Patel

  3. Gujarat Technological University, Chandkheda, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382424, India

    Deepak Kumar & Maitri Patel

  4. Department of Physics, ITM (SLS) Baroda University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391510, India

    D. K. Kanchan

  5. Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India

    Kuldeep Mishra

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  1. Vaishali Madhani
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Contributions

Vaishali Madhani: Sample preparation, Writing—original draft, analysis. Deepak Kumar: Formal analysis and investigation, conceptualization and editing. Maitri Patel: Experimentation, analysis. D.K. Kanchan: Final draft, characterization. Kuldeep Mishra: Conceptualization, methodology. Mahendra Singh Rathore: Supervision, characterization.

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Correspondence to Deepak Kumar or Mahendra Singh Rathore.

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Madhani, V., Kumar, D., Patel, M. et al. Studies on potassium-ion conducting gel polymer electrolytes containing poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) polymer, potassium permanganate salt added with different plasticizers. Ionics 30, 2139–2153 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-024-05405-8

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