Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Enhanced performance of mesostructured perovskite solar cells with a composite Sn4+-doped TiO2 electron transport layer

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Ionics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 14 July 2020

This article has been updated

Abstract

Recently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted more attention. TiO2 as the most common electron transfer material in PSCs has been improved by a serious of methods. In this study, a simple method was used to improve the traditional compact TiO2 properties by doping with Sn4+. It demonstrated that the conductivity of the TiO2 film could be well improved and the band-gap shifted from 3.65 to 3.55 eV with the introduction of Sn ions. The Sn–O–Ti bond was observed in the Sn:TiO2 film according to the results of XPS. The mesostructured PSCs based on Sn:TiO2 exhibited negligible J-V hysteresis behavior, and the Jsc of the device increased distinctly. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the Sn:TiO2 device was improved from 14.86 to 17.11%, compared with the reference device.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 14 July 2020

    Due to our negligence, we made mistakes in several figures.

References

  1. Zhao Y, Zhu K (2016) Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites for optoelectronic and electronic applications. Chem Soc Rev 45:655–689

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bai Y, Meng X, Yang S (2017) Interface engineering for highly efficient and stable planar p-i-n perovskite solar cells. Adv Energy Mater 8:1701883

  3. Peng X, Yuan J, Shen S, Gao M, Chesman ASR, Yin H, Cheng J, Zhang Q, Angmo D (2017) Perovskite and organic solar cells fabricated by inkjet printing: progress and prospects. Adv Funct Mater 27:1703704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Pintilie I, Stancu V, Tomulescu A, Radu R, Besleaga Stan C, Trinca L, Pintilie L (2017) Properties of perovskite ferroelectrics deposited on F doped SnO 2 electrodes and the prospect of their integration into perovskite solar cells. Mater Design 135:112–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wang P, Zhao J, Liu J, Wei L, Liu Z, Guan L, Cao G (2017) Stabilization of organometal halide perovskite films by SnO2 coating with inactive surface hydroxyl groups on ZnO nanorods. J Power Sources 339:51–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Shi Z, Guo J, Chen Y, Li Q, Pan Y, Zhang H, Xia Y, Huang W (2017) Lead-free organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites for photovoltaic applications: recent advances and perspectives. Adv Mater 29:1605005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Kim H, Lee C, Im J, Lee K, Moehl T, Marchioro A, Moon S, Humphry-Baker R, Yum J, Moser JE, Grätzel M, Park N (2012) Lead iodide perovskite sensitized all-solid-state submicron thin film mesoscopic solar cell with efficiency exceeding 9%. Sci Rep 2:591

  8. Kojima A, Teshima K, Shirai Y, Miyasaka T (2009) Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. J Am Chem Soc 131:6050–6051

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Jeon NJ, Na H, Jung EH, Yang T, Lee YG, Kim G, Shin H, Il Seok S, Lee J, Seo J (2018) A fluorene-terminated hole-transporting material for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Nat Energy 3:682–689

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen C, Cheng Y, Dai Q, Song H (2016) Radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposition of TiO2 thin films and their perovskite solar cell applications. Sci Rep-UK 5

  11. Gu X, Wang Y, Zhang T, Liu D, Zhang R, Zhang P, Jiang Wu CBZD (2017) Enhanced electronic transport in Fe3+-doped TiO2 for high efficiency perovskite solar cells. J Mater Chem C 5:10754–10760

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Yang WS, Park BW, Jung EH, Jeon NJ, Kim YC (2017) Iodide management in formamidinium-lead-halide-based perovskite layers for efficient solar cells. Science 356:1376–1379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Liu D, Li S, Zhang P, Wang Y, Zhang R, Sarvari H, Wang F, Wu J, Wang Z, Chen ZD (2017) Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with Li-doped compact TiO2 layer. Nano Energy 31:462–468

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lv M, Lv W, Fang X, Sun P, Lin B, Zhang S, Xu X, Ding J, Yuan N (2016) Performance enhancement of perovskite solar cells with a modified TiO2 electron transport layer using Zn-based additives. RSC Adv 6:35044–35050

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wang J, Qin M, Tao H, Ke W, Chen Z (2015) Performance enhancement of perovskite solar cells with Mg-doped TiO2 compact film as the hole-blocking layer. Appl Phys Lett 106:121104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chen B, Rao H, Li W, Xu Y, Chen H, Kuang D, Su C (2016) Achieving high-performance planar perovskite solar cell with Nb-doped TiO2 compact layer by enhanced electron injection and efficient charge extraction. J Mater Chem A 4:5647–5653

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Huanping Zhou QCGL, Hsin-Sheng Duan ZHJY (2014) Interface engineering of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Science 345:542–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kim JK, Chai SU, Ji Y, Levy-Wendt B, Kim SH, Yi Y, Heinz TF, Nørskov JK, Park JH, Zheng X (2018) Resolving hysteresis in perovskite solar cells with rapid flame-processed cobalt-doped TiO2. Adv Energy Mater 8:1801717

  19. Giordano F, Abate A, Correa Baena JP, Saliba M, Matsui T, Im SH, Zakeeruddin SM, Nazeeruddin MK, Hagfeldt A, Graetzel M (2016) Enhanced electronic properties in mesoporous TiO2 via lithium doping for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun 7:10379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Chen H, Liu D, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang T, Zhang P, Sarvari H, Chen Z, Li S (2017) Enhanced performance of planar perovskite solar cells using low-temperature solution-processed Al-doped SnO2 as electron transport layers. Nanoscale Res Lett 12:238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Huang X, Hu Z, Xu J, Wang P, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhu Y (2017) Low-temperature processed SnO2 compact layer by incorporating TiO2 layer toward efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 164:87–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhang X, Bao Z, Tao X, Sun H, Chen W (2014) Sn-doped TiO2 nanorod arrays and application in perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 4:64001–64005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Li L, Chen Y, Liu Z, Chen Q, Wang X, Zhou H (2016) The additive coordination effect on hybrids perovskite crystallization and high-performance solar cell. Adv Mater 28:9862–9868

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Snaith HJ, Abate A, Ball JM, Eperon GE, Leijtens T, Noel NK, Stranks SD, Wang JT, Wojciechowski K, Zhang W (2014) Anomalous hysteresis in perovskite solar cells. J Phys Chem Lett 5:1511–1515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Frost JM, Butler KT, Brivio F, Hendon CH, van Schilfgaarde M, Walsh A (2014) Atomistic origins of high-performance in hybrid halide perovskite solar cells. Nano Lett 14:2584–2590

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Heo JH, Han HJ, Kim D, Ahn TK, Im SH (2015) Hysteresis-less inverted CH3NH3PbI3 planar perovskite hybrid solar cells with 18.1% power conversion efficiency. Energy Environ Sci 8:1602–1608

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Dong J, Zhao Y, Shi J, Wei H, Xiao J, Xu X, Luo J, Xu J, Li D, Luo Y, Meng Q (2014) Impressive enhancement in the cell performance of ZnO nanorod-based perovskite solar cells with Al-doped ZnO interfacial modification. Chem Commun 50:13381–13384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1302274 and 51674026) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (230201606500078).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Shuo Wang, Yu Zhu, Bao Liu, Chengyan Wang & Ruixin Ma

  2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Rare and Precious Metals Green Recycling and Extraction, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Chengyan Wang

Authors
  1. Shuo Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yu Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bao Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chengyan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ruixin Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Chengyan Wang or Ruixin Ma.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, S., Zhu, Y., Liu, B. et al. Enhanced performance of mesostructured perovskite solar cells with a composite Sn4+-doped TiO2 electron transport layer. Ionics 25, 4509–4516 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-019-02990-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-019-02990-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation