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Enhanced electrochemical performance of salen-type transition metal polymer with electron-donating substituents

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Abstract

Salen-type Schiff base transition metal monomers with substituents Ni (CH3-salen), Ni (CH3O-salen), and Ni (Cl-salen) have been synthesized and electro-polymerized onto the indium tin oxide substrate electrodes. The effect of electron-donating groups on the electrochemical performance of the polymer is studied. Electron-donating groups enhance the electrochemical activity of the salen-type Schiff base during the electropolymerization process. SEM images show that the morphology of poly [Ni (CH3O-salen)] is nanobelt with a width of 200–500 nm. The cyclic voltammetry plots indicate that the strong electron-donating methoxy group facilitates the polymerization of the salen-type Schiff base. Thus, Ni (CH3O-salen) shows a higher doping level than other three polymers. XPS measurement is conducted to investigate the polymerization process and the mechanism of energy storage. It is proved that the azomethine nitrogen group (−N=CH−) matters a lot in the polymerization and energy storage process. In brief, the azomethine nitrogen group was affected by the introduction of the electron-donating group so that extra redox peaks appear in the cyclic voltammetry plots. There is no chemical valence change of nickel, and the nickel atom worked as a bridge in the system. The electro-donating substituent group activates the benzene ring of the polymer and facilitates the charge transfer and leads to poly [Ni(CH3O-salen)] that exhibits the highest doping level, charge-transfer ability, and electrochemical capacity characteristics than the polymer with weaker electro-donating or electro-withdrawing substituents (polyNi(Cl-salen)). At the current density of 0.1 mA cm−2, the specific capacitance of poly [Ni(CH3O-salen)] is 270.1 F g−1, higher than that of poly [Ni(salen)](136.7 F g−1), poly [Ni(CH3-salen)](148.1 F g−1), and poly [Ni(Cl-salen)](106.0 F g−1).

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Funding

This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51372021), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51772025 and No. 51572024).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Xinping Li & Jianling Li

  2. Lab of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Feiyu Kang

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  1. Xinping Li
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Correspondence to Jianling Li.

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Li, X., Li, J. & Kang, F. Enhanced electrochemical performance of salen-type transition metal polymer with electron-donating substituents. Ionics 25, 1045–1055 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-018-2819-5

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