Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate on zinc-ion dynamics in PEO/PVdF blend gel polymer electrolytes

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Ionics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Room temperature ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (EMIHSO4) incorporated gel polymer electrolyte membranes were prepared with PEO/PVdF blend containing 15 wt % zinc triflate (Zn (CF3SO3)2) salt. These electrolyte membranes with different ionic liquid concentrations were characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differencial scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Amongst all the ionic liquid concentrations investigated, 10 wt % EMIHSO4-incorporated gel electrolyte showed interesting electrochemical performance with the highest ionic conductivity of 5.8 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. Besides, ionic interactions of ethyl methylimidozolium cation (EMI+), ether oxygens of PEO and electronegative fluorine ions of PVdF with triflate anions and zinc cations at 10 wt % EMIHSO4 tend to release more number of free ions. An impressive amount of amorphous phase also emerged with an addition of 10 wt % EMIHSO4 by altering the semi-crystalline nature of PEO thereby facilitating rapid ion transport to occur.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Xu C, Li B, Du H, Kang F (2012) Energetic zinc ion chemistry: the rechargeable zinc ion battery. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:933–935

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lee B, Lee HR, Kim H, Chung KY, Cho BW, Oh SH (2015) Elucidating the intercalation mechanism of zinc ions into α-MnO2 for rechargeable zinc batteries. Chem Commun 51:9265–9268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Pan H, Shao Y, Yan P, Cheng Y, Han KS, Nie Z, Wang C, Yang J, Bhattacharya P et al (2016) Reversible aqueous zinc/manganese oxide energy storage from conversion reactions. Nature Energy 1:16039

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. John JX, Ye H, Huang J (2005) Novel zinc ion conducting polymer gel electrolytes based on ionic liquids. Electrochem Commun 7:1309–1317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Osada I, Vries HD, Scrosati B, Passerini S (2016) Ionic-liquid-based polymer electrolytes for battery applications. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:500–513

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Shalu, Singh VK, Singh RK (2016) Development of ion conducting polymer gel electrolyte membranes based on polymer PVdF-HFP, BMIMTFSI ionic liquid and the Li-salt with improved electrical, thermal and structural properties. J Mater Chem C 3:7305–7318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ketabi S, Decker B, Lian K (2016) Proton conducting ionic liquid electrolytes for liquid and solid-state electrochemical pseudocapacitors. Solid State Ionics 298:73–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ketabi S, Lian K (2015) The effects of SiO2 and TiO2 nanofillers on structural and electrochemical properties of poly (ethylene oxide) – EMIHSO4 electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 154:404–412

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Paulo F, Ortega R, Joao Paulo C, Trigueiro GG, Silva RLL (2016) Improving supercapacitor capacitance by using a novel gel nanocomposite polymer electrolyte based on nanostructured SiO2, PVDF and imidazolium ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 188:809–817

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ketabi S, Lian K (2013) Effect of SiO2 on conductivity and structural properties of PEO–EMIHSO4 polymer electrolyte and enabled solid electrochemical capacitors. Electrochim Acta 103:174–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ketabi S, Lian K (2012) Thermal and structural characterizations of PEO–EMIHSO4 polymer electrolytes. Solid State Ionics 227:86–90

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ketabi S, Le Z, Lian K (2012) EMIHSO4-based polymer ionic liquid electrolyte for electrochemical capacitors. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 15(2):A19–A22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Singh VK, Shalu SKC, Singh RK (2016) Development of ionic liquid mediated novel polymer electrolyte membranes for application in Na-ion battery. RSC Adv 6:40199–40210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Xue Z, He D, Xie X (2015) Poly (ethylene oxide)-based electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 3:19218–19253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang H, Ma X, Lin C, Zhu B (2014) Gel polymer electrolyte-based on PVdF/fluorinated amphiphilic copolymer blends for high performance lithium-ion batteries. RSC Adv 4:33713–33719

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Rathika R, Padmaraj O, Suthanthiraraj SA (2018) Electrical conductivity and dielectric relaxation behaviour of PEO/PVdF-based solid polymer blend electrolytes for zinc battery applications. Ionics 24:243–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bose P, Roy A, Dutta B, Bhattacharya S (2017) Decoupling of segmental relaxation from ionic conductivity in [DEMM][TFSI] room temperature ionic liquid incorporated poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) membranes. Solid State Ionics 311:75–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Karuppasamy K, Anil Reddy P, Srinivas G, Ramakant S et al (2017) An efficient way to achieve high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of safer nonaflate anion-based ionic liquid gel polymer electrolytes (ILGPEs) for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 21:1145–1155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Farhana NK, Khanmirzaei MH, Omar FS, Ramesh S, Ramesh K (2017) Ionic conductivity improvement in poly (propylene) carbonate-based gel polymer electrolytes using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (BmimI) ionic liquid for dye-sensitized solar cell application. Ionics 23:1601–1605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kumar GG, Sampath S (2003) Electrochemical characterization of poly (vinylidenefluoride)-zinc triflate gel polymer electrolyte and its application in solid state batteries. Solid State Ionics 160:289–300

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Liew C-W, Ramesh S, Ramesh K, Arof AK (2012) Preparation and characterization of lithium ion conducting ionic liquid-based biodegradable corn starch polymer electrolytes. J Solid State Electrochem 16:1869–1975

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Thomas E, Sutto TT, Duncan TC, Wong KMG (2010) Ionic liquid batteries: chemistry to replace alkaline/acid energy storage devices. Electrochim Acta 56:3375–3379

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kumar D, Hashmi SA (2010) Ionic liquid based sodium ion conducting gel polymer electrolytes. Solid State Ionics 181:416–423

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Mishra K, Hashmi SA, Rai DK (2014) Protic ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolyte: structural and ion transport studies and its application in proton battery. J Solid State Electrochem 18:2255–2266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Das S, Ghosh A (2017) Charge carrier relaxation in different plasticized PEO/PVdF-HFP blend solid polymer electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 121:5422–5432

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Wang A, Xu H, Zhou Q, Liu X, Gao R et al (2017) Electrochemical performances of a new solid composite polymer electrolyte based on hyperbranched star polymer and ionic liquid for lithium-ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 21:2355–2364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Yuan C, Zhu X, Su L, Yang D, Wang Y et al (2015) Preparation and characterization of a novel ionic conducting foam-type polymeric gel based on polymer PVdF-HFP and ionic liquid [EMIM][TFSI]. Colloid Polym Sci 293:1945–1952

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Himani G, Shalu LB, Singh VK, Chaurasia SK, Singh RK (2016) Effect of phosphonium based ionic liquid on structural, electrochemical and thermal behaviour of polymer poly(ethylene oxide) containing salt lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide. RSC Adv 6:87878–87887

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Pandey GP, Hashmi SA, Agrawal RC (2008) Experimental investigations on a proton conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolyte. J Phys D Appl Phys 41:055409

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Suleman M, Kumar Y, Hashmi SA (2015) Solid-state electric double layer capacitors fabricated with plastic crystal based flexible gel polymer electrolytes: effective role of electrolyte anions. Materi Chemi and Phys 163:161e171

    Google Scholar 

  31. Himani G, Shalu LB, Singh VK, Singh SK et al (2017) Effect of temperature on electrochemical performance of ionic liquid based polymer electrolyte with Li/LiFePO4 electrodes. Solid State Ionics 309:192–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Naveen Kumar K, Saijyothi Misook KK, Ratnakaram YC, Hari Krishna K et al (2016) Improved electrical properties of Fe nanofiller impregnated PEO + PVP:Li+ blended polymer electrolytes for lithium battery applications. Appl Phys A 122:698

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kumar R, Suthanthiraraj SA (2014) Segmental mobility and relaxation processes of Fe2O3 nanoparticle-loaded fast ionic transport nanocomposite gel polymer electrolyte. J Solid State Electrochem 18:1647–1656

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ravi M, Song S, Wang J, Wang T, Nadimicherla R (2016) Ionic liquid incorporated biodegradable gel polymer electrolyte for lithium ion battery applications. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 27:1370–1377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Tripath M, Tripathi SK (2017) Electrical studies on ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolyte for its application in EDLCs. Ionics 23:2735–2746

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ravi M, Song S, Gu K, Jiaoning T, Zhongyi Z (2015) Electrical properties of biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone): lithium thiocyanate complexed polymer electrolyte films. Mater Sci Eng B 195:74–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Tripathi SK, Gupta A, Kumar M (2012) Studies on electrical conductivity and dielectric behaviour of PVdF–HFP–PMMA–NaI polymer blend electrolyte. Bull Mater Sci 35(6):969–975

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Verma ML, Sahu HD (2017) Study on ionic conductivity and dielectric properties of PEO-based solid nanocomposite polymer electrolytes. Ionics 23:2339–2350

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

One of the author (R.R.) greatly acknowledges the University of Madras for the award of University Research Fellowship (URF). The authors would also like to thank the National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, for providing the necessary experimental facilities for SEM analysis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Energy, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India

    R. Rathika & S. Austin Suthanthiraraj

Authors
  1. R. Rathika
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Austin Suthanthiraraj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Rathika.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rathika, R., Austin Suthanthiraraj, S. Effect of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate on zinc-ion dynamics in PEO/PVdF blend gel polymer electrolytes. Ionics 25, 1137–1146 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-018-2709-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-018-2709-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation