Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Synthesis and electrochemical performance characterization of xLi3V2(PO4)3·yLiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4/C cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Ionics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The samples of xLi3V2(PO4)3·yLiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4/C (x:y = 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:2, 0:1) are facilely prepared via a ball milling-assisted two-step sintering route. According to the results of Rietveld refinement, the xLi3V2(PO4)3·yLiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4/C (x, y ≠ 0) composites are composed of orthorhombic LiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4 and monoclinic L3V2(PO4)3. Electrochemical tests show that the faster reaction kinetics improve the electrochemical properties of the xLi3V2(PO4)3·yLiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4/C (x, y ≠ 0) composites, in which all multiphase composites release more than capacity of 100 mAh g−1 at 2C at the potential range of 2.5–4.5 V. In particular, the diffusion coefficient of lithium ion is in the magnitude of 10−7 to 10−9 cm2 s−1; Li3V2(PO4)3·2LiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4/C shows the highest specific capacity at the rate range of 0.1–2C and exhibits excellent long-term rate performance with capacity retention of 93.4% (relative to the initial discharge capacity) after 280 cycles at the rate of 5C.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Muldoon J, Bucur CB, Gregory T (2014) Quest for nonaqueous multivalent secondary batteries: magnesium and beyond. Chem Rev 114(23):11683–11720. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500049y

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Goodenough JB, Park K (2013) The li-ion rechargeable battery: a perspective. J Am Chem Soc 135:1167–1176. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja3091438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Cao X, Pan A, Zhang Y, Li J, Luo Z, Yang X, Liang S, Cao G (2016) Nanorod-nanoflake interconnected LiMnPO4·Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite for high-rate and long-life lithium-ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(41):27632–27641. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b06456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Omenya F, Wen B, Fang J, Zhang R, Wang Q, Chernova NA, Schneider-Haefner J, Cosandey F, Whittingham MS (2015) Mg substitution clarifies the reaction mechanism of olivine LiFePO4. Adv Energy Mater 5(7):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201401204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Li Z, Peng Z, Zhang H, Hu T, Hu M, Zhu K, Wang X (2016) [100]-oriented LiFePO4 Nanoflakes toward high rate li-ion battery cathode. Nano Lett 16(1):795–799. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04855

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang H, Liu Y, Li M et al (2010) Multifunctional TiO2 nanowires-modified nanoparticles bilayer film for 3D dye-sensitized solar cells. Optoelectron Adv Mater Rapid Commun 4:1166–1169. https://doi.org/10.1039/b000000x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Liu H, Ren L, Li J, Tuo H (2016) Iron-assisted carbon coating strategy for improved electrochemical LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 cathodes. Electrochim Acta 212:800–807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.049

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Xiang W, Wu ZG, Wang EH, Chen MZ, Song Y, Zhang JB, Zhong YJ, Chou SL, Luo JH, Guo XD (2016) Confined synthesis of graphene wrapped LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 composite via two step solution phase method as high performance cathode for li-ion batteries. J Power Sources 329:94–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.06.108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Novikova S, Yaroslavtsev S, Rusakov V, Chekannikov A, Kulova T, Skundin A, Yaroslavtsev A (2015) Behavior of LiFe1-yMnyPO4/C cathode materials upon electrochemical lithium intercalation/deintercalation. J Power Sources 300:444–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.09.092

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang Z-H, Yuan L-X, Zhang W-X, Huang Y-H (2012) LiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4/C cathode material with high energy density for lithium-ion batteries. J Alloys Compd 532:25–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.04.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Yamada A, Kudo Y, Liu K-Y (2001) Reaction mechanism of the olivine-type lix(Mn0.6Fe 0.4)PO4 (0≤x≤1). J Electrochem Soc 148(7):A747. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1375167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Roberts MR, Gi V, Denuault G, Owen JR (2010) High throughput electrochemical observation of structural phase changes in liFe1-xMnxPO4 during charge and discharge. J Electrochem Soc 157(4):A381–A386. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3294564

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Huang H, Yin SC, Kerr T, Taylor N, Nazar LF (2002) Nanostructured composites: a high capacity, fast rate Li3V2(PO4)3/carbon cathode for rechargeable lithium batteries. Adv Mater 14(21):1525–1528. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(20021104)14:21<1525::AID-ADMA1525>3.0.CO;2-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ren M, Yang M, Liu W, Li M, Su L, Wu X, Wang Y (2016) Co-modification of nitrogen-doped graphene and carbon on Li3V2(PO4)3 particles with excellent long-term and high-rate performance for lithium storage. J Power Sources 326:313–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wei Q, An Q, Chen D, Mai L, Chen S, Zhao Y, Hercule KM, Xu L, Minhas-Khan A, Zhang Q (2014) One-pot synthesized bicontinuous hierarchical Li3V2(PO4)3/C mesoporous nanowires for high-rate and ultralong-life lithium-ion batteries. Nano Lett 14(2):1042–1048. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl404709b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Feng K, Cheng Y, Wang M, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang H (2015) Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Li3V2(P1-xBxO4)3/C cathode materials. J Mater Chem A 3(38):19469–19475. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ta04724b

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Liang S, Hu J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Cao X, Pan A (2016) Facile synthesis of sandwich-structured Li3V2(PO4)3/carbon composite as cathodes for high performance lithium-ion batteries. J Alloys Compd 683:178–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.05.095

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ni Q, Bai Y, Yang Z, Li Y, Chen G, Ling L, Ren H, Chen S, Wu F, Wu C (2017) Wet-chemical coordination synthesized Li3V2(PO4)3/C for li-ion battery cathodes. J Alloys Compd 729:49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.09.106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Zheng J, Han Y, Zhang B et al (2014) Comparative investigation of phosphate-based composite cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6(16):13520–13526. https://doi.org/10.1021/am502601r

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang B, Shen C, Zheng J, et al (2014) Synthesis and characterization of a multi-layer core-shell composite cathode material LiVOPO4 -Li3V2(PO4)3. J Electrochem Soc 161:A748–A752. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.050405jes

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Zheng J-c, Li X-h, Wang Z-x et al (2009) Characteristics of xLiFePO4·y Li3V2(PO4)3 electrodes for lithium batteries. Ionics (Kiel) 15(6):753–759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-009-0374-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Zheng J-c, Li X-h, Wang Z-x et al (2010) Novel synthesis of LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3 composite cathode material by aqueous precipitation and lithiation. J Power Sources 195(9):2935–2938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.11.006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Zheng J, Zhang B, Yang Z, Ou X (2013) Studies of composite cathode material LiFePO4Li3V2(PO4)3 and it’s precursor FeVO4· xH2O. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 86:376–381. https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.20120238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Liang S, Cao X, Wang Y, Hu Y, Pan A, Cao G (2016) Uniform 8LiFePO4·Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanoflakes for high-performance li-ion batteries. Nano Energy 22:48–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.02.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Wang F, Yang J, NuLi Y, Wang J (2013) Composites of LiMnPO4 with Li3V2(PO4)3 for cathode in lithium-ion battery. Electrochim Acta 103:96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wu L, Lu J, Wei G et al (2014) Synthesis and electrochemical properties of xLiMn0.9Fe0.1PO4· yLi3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 146:288–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.09.076

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Qin L, Xia Y, Qiu B, Cao H, Liu Y, Liu Z (2013) Synthesis and electrochemical performances of (1−x)LiMnPO4·xLi3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. J Power Sources 239:144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.03.063

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Andersson AS, Thomas JO (2001) The source of first-cycle capacity loss in LiFePO4. J Power Sources 97:498–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00633-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Mao WF, Fu YB, Zhao H et al (2015) Rational design and facial synthesis of Li3V2(PO4)3@C nanocomposites using carbon with different dimensions for ultrahigh-rate lithium-ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7(22):12057–12066. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b02242

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Qiu X, Zhuang Q, Zhang Q et al (2012) Electrochemical and electronic properties of LiCoO2 cathode investigated by galvanostatic cycling and EIS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 14(8):2617–2630. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cp23626e

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhuang Q-C, Wei T, Du L-L, Cui YL, Fang L, Sun SG (2010) An electrochemical impedance spectroscopic study of the electronic and ionic transport properties of spinel LiMn2O4. J Phys Chem C 114(18):8614–8621. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9109157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Luo Y, Xu X, Zhang Y, Pi Y, Yan M, Wei Q, Tian X, Mai L (2015) Three-dimensional LiMnPO4 ·Li3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposite as a bicontinuous cathode for high-rate and long-life lithium-ion batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7(31):17527–17534. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b05451

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Rui XH, Ding N, Liu J, Li C, Chen CH (2010) Analysis of the chemical diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material. Electrochim Acta 55(7):2384–2390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.11.096

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Wang J, Wang Z, Li X, Guo H, Wu X, Zhang X, Xiao W (2013) xLi3V2(PO4)3·LiVPO4F/C composite cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 87:224–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Zhao Y, Peng L, Liu B, Yu G (2014) Single-crystalline LiFePO4 nanosheets for high-rate li-ion batteries. Nano Lett 14(5):2849–2853. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl5008568

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Zhang L, Qu Q, Zhang L, Li J, Zheng H (2014) Confined synthesis of hierarchical structured LiMnPO4/C granules by a facile surfactant-assisted solid-state method for high-performance lithiumion batteries. J Mater Chem A 2(3):711–719. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta14010e

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 300130, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China

    Pengjun Yang, Enshan Han, Lingzhi Zhu, Yanjing Han, Xingjiao Du, Ling Li, Lijun Dou, Tianying Li & Congcong Feng

Authors
  1. Pengjun Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Enshan Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lingzhi Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yanjing Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xingjiao Du
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ling Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Lijun Dou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Tianying Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Congcong Feng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Enshan Han.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yang, P., Han, E., Zhu, L. et al. Synthesis and electrochemical performance characterization of xLi3V2(PO4)3·yLiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4/C cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Ionics 24, 2945–2955 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-017-2431-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-017-2431-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation