Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Structural and electrochemical properties of LiFe1 − 3x/2Bi x PO4/C synthesized by sol–gel

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Ionics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, LiFe1 − 3x/2Bi x PO4/C cathode material was synthesized by sol–gel method. From XRD patterns, it was found that the Bi-doped LiFePO4/C cathode material had the same olivine structure with LiFePO4/C. SEM studies revealed that Bi doping can effectively decrease the particle sizes. It shortened Li+ diffusion distance between LiFePO4 phase and FePO4 phase. The LiFe0.94Bi0.04PO4/C powder exhibited a specific initial discharge capacity of about 149.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 rate as compared to 123.5 mAh g−1 of LiFePO4/C. EIS results indicated that the charge-transfer resistance of LiFePO4/C decreased greatly after Bi doping.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Padhi AK, Nanjundaswamy KS, Goodenough JB (1997) Phospho-olivines as positive electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. J Electrochem Soc 144:1188–1194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Thackeray M (2002) Lithium-ion batteries—an unexpected conductor. Nat Mater 1:81–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Franger S, Cras FL, Bourbon C, Rouault H (2003) Comparison between different LiFePO4 synthesis routes and their influence on its physico-chemical properties. J Power Sources 119–121:252–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Anderson AS, Thomas JO, Kalska B, Haggstrom L (2000) Thermal stability of LiFePO4-based cathodes. Electrochem Solid State Lett 3:66–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Dominko R, Bele M, Gaberscek M et al (2005) Impact of the carbon coating thickness on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C composites. J Electrochem Soc 152:A607–A610

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Subramanya Herle P, Ellis B, Coombs N, Nazar LF (2004) Nano-network electronic conduction in iron and nickel olivine phosphates. Nat Mater 3:147–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Liu H, Cao Q, Fu LJ, Li C, Wu YP, Wu HQ (2006) Doping effects of zinc on LiFePO4 cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Electrochem Commun 8:1553–1557

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Lee SB, Jang IC, Lim HH, Aravindan V, Kim HS, Lee YS (2010) Preparation and electrochemical characterization of LiFePO4 nanoparticles with high rate capability by a sol–gel method. J Alloys Compd 491:668–672

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu YY, Cao CB, Li J (2010) Enhanced electrochemical performance of carbon nanospheres LiFePO4 composite by PEG based sol–gel synthesis. Electrochim Acta 55:3921–3926

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Fu LJ, Liu H, Li C, Wu YP, Rahm E, Holze R, Wu HQ (2005) Electrode materials for lithium secondary batteries prepared by sol–gel methods. Prog Mater Sci 50:881–928

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Park KS, Son JT, Chung HT, Kim SJ, Lee CH, Kim HG (2003) Synthesis of LiFePO4 by co-precipitation and microwave heating. Electrochem Commun 5:839–842

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Yang S, Zavalij PY, Stanley Whittingham M (2001) Hydrothermal synthesis of lithium iron phosphate cathodes. Electrochem Commun 3:505–508

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Xuewu L, Hao W, Yuanfu D, Jie T, Zhicong S, Guohua C (2012) Synthesis of sub-micrometer lithium iron phosphate particles using supercritical hydrothermal method for lithium ion batteries. J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ 17(5):517–522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Abbate M, Lala SM, Montoro LA, Rosolenb JM (2005) Ti, Al, and Cu-doping induced gap states in LiFePO4. Electrochem Solid State Lett 8:A288–A290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang W, Yilan H, Tao X et al (2010) Synthesis of spherical LiFePO4/C via Ni doping. J Phys Chem Solids 71:1196–1200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Xu J, Chen G, Teng Y-J, Zhang B (2008) Electrochemical properties of LiAlxFe1 − 3x/2PO4/C prepared by a solution method. Solid State Commun 147:414–418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hong J, Wang X-L, Wang Q, Omenya F, Chernova NA (2012) Structure and electrochemistry of vanadium-modified LiFePO4. J of Phys Chem C 116:20787–20793

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ferrari S, Lavall RL et al (2010) Influence of particle size and crystal orientation on the electrochemical behavior of carbon-coated LiFePO4. J Phys Chem C 114:12598–12603

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hsu K-F, Tsay S-Y, Hwang B-J (2004) Synthesis and characterization of nano-sized LiFePO4 cathode materials prepared by a citric acid-based sol–gel route. J Mater Chem 14:2690–2695

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ling WU, Zhixing WANG, Xin-hai LI et al (2010) Electrochemical performance of Ti4+-doped LiFePO4 synthesized by co-precipitation and post-sintering method. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 20:814–818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang M, Jiao L-F, Yuan H-T et al (2006) The preparation and characterization of olivine LiFePO4/C doped with MoO3 by a solution method. Solid State Ionics 177:3309–3314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yamada A, Chung SC, Hinokuma K (2001) Optimized LiFePO4 for lithium battery cathodes. J Eletrochem Soc 148:A224–A229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20771079) and the Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People’s Republic of China

    Fuwei Mao, Dongchen Wu, Zhufa Zhou & Shumei Wang

Authors
  1. Fuwei Mao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dongchen Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhufa Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shumei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhufa Zhou.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mao, F., Wu, D., Zhou, Z. et al. Structural and electrochemical properties of LiFe1 − 3x/2Bi x PO4/C synthesized by sol–gel. Ionics 20, 1665–1669 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1143-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1143-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation