Abstract
Several carbon-coated anatase TiO2 samples have been prepared by impregnation with lactose as carbon precursor and annealed at different temperatures (650 and 700 °C). X-ray diffraction was carried out to study the anatase to rutile phase transition and to evaluate the crystallite size. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to evaluate the morphology, and transmission electron microscopy was used to show the distribution and nature of the carbon coating. The galvanostatic measurements and cyclic voltammetry revealed better kinetics, cycling stability, and high rate capacity for the carbon-coated materials when compared with the noncoated ones.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Murphy D, Cava R, Zahurak S, Santoro A (1983) Solid State Ion 9–10:413
Zachau-Christiansen B, West K, Jacobsen T, Atlung S (1989) Solid State Ion 28–30:1176
Ohzuku T, Komoma T, Hirai T (1985) J Power Sources 46:61
Huang S, Kavan L, Exnar I, Grätzel M (1995) J Electrochem Soc 142:L142
Kavan L, Rathousky J, Grätzel M, Shklover V, Zukal A (2000) J Phys Chem B 104:12012
Kavan L, Attia A, Lenzmann F, Elder S, Grätzel M (2000) J Electrochem Soc 147:2897
Sudant G, Baudrin E, Larcher D, Tarascon J-M (2005) J Mater Chem 15:1263
Wagemaker M, Borghols WJH, Mulder FM (2007) J Am Chem Soc 129:4323
Kavan L, Prochazka J, Spitler T, Kalbac M, Zukalova M, Drezen T, Grätzel M (2003) J Electrochem Soc 150:A1000
Guo YG, Hu YS, Maier J (2007) Chem Commun 9:425
Kavan L, Rathousky J, Grätzel M, Shklover V, Zukal A (2001) Microporous Mesoporous Mater 44-45:653
Fatthakova D, Wark M, Brezesinski T, Smarsly B, Rathousky J (2007) Adv Funct Mater 19:2087
Kubiak P, Geserick J, Hüsing N, Wohlfahrt-Mehrens M (2008) J Power Sources 175:510
Mancini M, Kubiak P, Geserick J, Marassi R, Hüsing N, Wohlfahrt-Mehrens M (2009) J Power Sources 189:585
Modriguchi I, Hidaka R, Yamada H, Kudo T, Murakami H, Nakashima N (2006) Adv Mater 18:69
Nobili F, Dsoke S, Mecozzi T, Marassi R (2005) Electrochim Acta 51:536
Dominko R, Gaberscek M, Bele M, Mihailovic D, Jamnik J (2007) J Eur Ceram Soc 27:909
Ravet N, Chouinard Y, Magnan JF, Besner S, Gauthier M, Armand M (2001) J Power Sources 97:503
Arnal P, Corriu R, Leclercq D, Mutin H, Vioux A (1996) J Mater Chem 6:1925
Zhang H, Banfield JF (1998) J Mater Chem 8:2073
Gnanasekar KI, Subramanian V, Robinson J (2002) J Mater Res 17:1507
Reidy DJ, Holmes JD, Morris MA (2006) J Eur Ceram Soc 26:1527
Mao D, Lu G, Chen Q (2004) Appl Catal A 263:83
Hirano M, Nakahara C, Ota K, Tanaike O, Inagaki M (2003) J Solid State Chem 170:39
Van de Krol R, Goossens A, Meulenkamp E (1999) J Electrochem Soc 146:3150
Hengerer R, Kavan L, Krtil P, Grätzel M (2000) J Electrochem Soc 147:1467
Wagemaker M, Kentgens A, Mulder F (2002) Nature 418:397
Krtil P, Kavan L, Fattakhova D (1997) J Solid State Electrochem 1:83
Krtil P, Fattakhova D, Kavan L, Burnside S, Grätzel M (2000) Solid State Ion 135:101
Aldon L, Kubiak P, Picard A, Jumas JC, Olivier-Fourcade J (2006) Chem Mater 18:1401
Kavan L, Grätzel M, Gilbert SE, Klemenz C, Scheel HJ (1996) J Am Chem Soc 118:6716
van de Krol R, Goossens A, Schoonman J (1999) J Phys Chem B 103:7151
Acknowledgment
Financial support from the BMBF in the framework of the LISA project (03SF0327A) is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pfanzelt, M., Kubiak, P., Hörmann, U. et al. Preparation, characterization, and electrochemical performances of carbon-coated TiO2 anatase. Ionics 15, 657–663 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-009-0364-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-009-0364-y