Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

WLPVG approach to the analysis of EEG-based functional brain network under manual acupuncture

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Cognitive Neurodynamics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Functional brain network, one of the main methods for brain functional studies, can provide the connectivity information among brain regions. In this research, EEG-based functional brain network is built and analyzed through a new wavelet limited penetrable visibility graph (WLPVG) approach. This approach first decompose EEG into δ, θ, α, β sub-bands, then extracting nonlinear features from single channel signal, in addition forming a functional brain network for each sub-band. Manual acupuncture (MA) as a stimulation to the human nerve system, may evoke varied modulating effects in brain activities. To investigating whether and how this happens, WLPVG approach is used to analyze the EEGs of 15 healthy subjects with MA at acupoint ST36 on the right leg. It is found that MA can influence the complexity of EEG sub-bands in different ways and lead the functional brain networks to obtain higher efficiency and stronger small-world property compared with pre-acupuncture control state.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Achard S, Salvador R, Whitcher B, Suckling J, Bullmore E (2006) A resilient low-frequency, small-world human brain functional network with highly connected association cortical hubs. J Neurosci 26:63–72

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adeli H, Ghosh-Dastidar S, Dadmehr N (2007) A wavelet-chaos methodology for analysis of EEGs and EEG subbands to detect seizure and epilepsy. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 54(2):205–211

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmadlou M, Adeli H (2011) Visibility graph similarity: a new measure of generalized synchronization in coupled dynamic systems. Phys D 241:326–332. doi:10.1016/j.physd.2011.09.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmadlou M, Adeli H, Adeli A (2010) New diagnostic EEG markers of the Alzheimer’s disease using visibility graph. J Neural Transm 117(9):1099–1109. doi:10.1007/s00702-010-0450-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Albert R, Barabasi AL (2002) Statistical mechanics of complex networks. Rev Mod Phys 74:47–97. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.74.47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen AC, Liu FJ, Wang L, Arendt-Nielsen L (2006) Mode and site of acupuncture modulation in the human brain: 3D (124-ch) EEG power spectrum mapping and source imaging. Neuroimage 29:1080–1091

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delorme A, Makeig S (2004) EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics. J Neurosci Methods 134:9–21

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dijkstra EW (1959) A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numer Math 1:269–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst M, Lee MHM (1986) Sympathetic effects of manual and electrical acupuncture of the Tsusanli knee point: comparison with the Hoku hand point sympathetic effects. Exp Neurol 94:1–10

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feng Y, Bai L, Ren Y, Wang H, Liu Z, Zhang W, Tian J (2011) Investigation of the large-scale functional brain networks modulated by acupuncture. Magn Reson Imaging 29:958–965

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friston KJ (1994) Functional and effective connectivity in neuroimaging: a synthesis. Hum Brain Mapp 2:56–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gevins A (1998) The future of electroencephalography in assessing neurocognitive functioning. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 106(2):165–172

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guo-Sheng Yi, Jiang Wang, Bin Deng et al (2013a) Modulation of electroencephalograph activities by manual acupuncture stimulation in healthy subjects: an autoregressive spectral analysis. Chin Phys B 22(2):028703

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo-Sheng Yi, Jiang Wang, Chun-Xiao Han et al (2013b) Modulation of brain functional connectivity with manual acupuncture in healthy subjects: an electroencephalograph case studying. Chin Phys B 22(2):028702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han JS, Wu LZ, Cui CL (1994) Heroin addicts treated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of identified frequencies. Regul Pept 54:115–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hong-Rui Bian, Jiang Wang, Chun-Xiao Han et al (2011) Features extraction from EEG signals induced by acupuncture based on the complexity analysis. Acta Phys Sin 60(11):118701

    Google Scholar 

  • Hui KK, Liu J, Makris N, Gollub RL, Chen AJ, Moore CI, Kennedy DN, Rosen BR, Kwong KK (2000) Acupuncture modulates the limbic system and subcortical gray structures of the human brain: evidence from fMRI studies in normal subjects. Hum Brain Mapp 9:13–25. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Humphries MD, Gurney K, Prescott TJ (2006) The brainstem reticular formation is a small-world, not scale-free, network. Proc Biol Sci 273:503–511

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim J, Wilhelm T (2008) What is a complex graph? Phys A: Stat Mech Appl 387:2637–2652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lacasa L, Luque B, Ballesteros F, Luque J, Nuno JC (2008) From time series to complex networks: the visibility graph. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(13):4972–4975

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lacasa L, Luque B, Luque J, Nuno JC (2009) The visibility graph: a new method for estimating the Hurst exponent of fractional Brownian motion. Europhys Lett 86(3):30001–30004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li L, Jin ZL, Li B (2011) Analysis of a phase synchronized functional network based on the rhythm of brain activities. Chin Phys B 20(3):038701. doi:10.1088/1674-1056/20/3/038701

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Litscher G, Cho ZH (2000) Computer-controlled acupuncture. Pabst Science Publishers, Lengerich

    Google Scholar 

  • Luce RD, Perry AD (1949) A method of matrix analysis of group structure. Psychometrika 14(1):95–116. doi:10.1007/BF02289146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Micheloyannis S, Pachou E, Stam CJ, Breakspear M, Bitsios P, Vourkas M, Erimaki S, Zervakis M (2006) Small-world networks and disturbed functional connectivity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 87:60–66. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.06.028

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pereda E, Quiroga RQ, Bhattacharya J (2005) Nonlinear multivariate analysis of neurophysiological signals. Prog Neurobiol 77:1–37

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ponten SC, Bartolomei F, Stam CJ (2007) Small-world networks and epilepsy: graph theoretical analysis of intracerebrally recorded mesial temporal lobe seizures. Clin Neurophysiol 118:918–927

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qing-Fang Meng, Wei-Dong Zhou, Yue-Hui Chen et al (2010) The feature extraction of epileptic EEG signals based on nonlinear prediction. Acta Phys Sin 59(1):123–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Quiroga RQ, Kraskov A, Kreuz T, Grassberger P (2002) Performance of different synchronization measures in real data: a case study on electroencephalographic signals. Phys Rev E 65:041903. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.65.041903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rapp PE (1993) Chaos in the neurosciences: cautionary tales from the frontier. Biologist 40:89–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapp PE, Albano AM, Schmah TI, Farwell LA (1993) Filtered noise can mimic low dimensional chaotic attractors. Phys Rev E 47(4):2289–2297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai S, Hori E, Umeno K, Kitabayashi N, Ono T, Nishijo H (2007) Specific acupuncture sensation correlates with EEGs and autonomic changes in human subjects. Auton Neurosci 133(2):158–169

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smit DJA, Stam CJ, Posthuma D, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJC (2008) Heritability of small-world networks in the brain: a graph theoretical analysis of resting-state EEG functional connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 29:1368–1378. doi:10.1002/hbm.20468

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sporns O, Zwi JD (2004) The small world of the cerebral cortex. Neuroinformatics 2:145–162

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stam CJ (2005) Nonlinear dynamical analysis of EEG and MEG: review of an emerging field. Clin Neurophysiol 116(10):2266–2301

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stam CJ, Jones BF, Nolte G, Breakspear M, Scheltens P (2007) Small-world networks and functional connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease. Cereb Cortex 17:92–99

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stam CJ, de Haan W, Daffertshofer A, Jones BF, Manshanden I, van Cappellen van Walsum AM, Montez T, Verbunt JPA, de Munck JC, van Dijk BW, Berendse HW, Scheltens P (2009) Graph theoretical analysis of magnetoencephalographic functional connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 32(1):213–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Strogatz SH (2001) Exploring complex networks. Nature 410:268–276. doi:10.1038/35065725

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka Y, Koyama Y, Jodo E, Kyama Y, Kawauchi A, Ukimura O, Miki T (2002) Effects of acupuncture to the sacral segment on the bladder activity and electroencephalogram. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 56:249–250. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2002.00976.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Terry JR, Anderson C, Horne JA (2004) Nonlinear analysis of EEG during NREM sleep reveals changes in functional connectivity due to natural aging. Hum Brain Mapp 23:73–84. doi:10.1002/hbm.20052

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ting-Ting Zhou, Ning-De Jin, Zhong-Ke Gao et al (2012) Limited penetrable visibility graph for establishing complex network from time series. Acta Phys Sin 61(3):030506

    Google Scholar 

  • Watts DJ, Strogatz SH (1998) Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks. Nature 393:440–442. doi:10.1038/30918

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu LZ, Cui CL, Tian JB, Ji D, Han JS (1999) Suppression of morphine withdrawal by electroacupuncture in rats: dynorphin and kappaopioid receptor implicated. Brain Res 851:290–296

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao-Ling Fang, Zong-Lai Jiang (2007) Analysis of functional brain network based on electroencephalogram. Acta Phys Sin 56(12):7330–7338

    Google Scholar 

  • Xi-Liu Luo, Jiang Wang, Chun-Xiao Han et al (2012) Characteristics analysis of acupuncture electroencephalograph based on mutual information Lempel–Ziv complexity. Chin Phys B 21(2):028701

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu X, Zhang J, Small M (2008) Superfamily phenomena and motifs of networks induced from time series. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:19601. doi:10.1073/pnas.0806082105

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Liu WY, Song CY (1989) Effect of acupuncture of zusanli (St.36) on the content of beta-endorphin of the gastrointestinal tract in rats. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 9(677–678):646

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshimoto K, Kato B, Sakai K, Shibata M, Yano T, Yasuhara M (2001) Electroacupuncture stimulation suppresses the increase in alcoholdrinking behavior in restricted rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25:63–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu Y, Kasahara T, Sato T, Asano K, Yu G, Fang J, Guo S, Sahara M, Hisamitsu T (1998) Role of endogenous interferon-gamma on the enhancement of splenic NK cell activity by electroacupuncture stimulation in mice. J Neuroimmunol 90:176–186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Small M (2006) Complex network from pseudoperiodic time series: topology versus dynamics. Phys Rev Lett 96:238701. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.238701

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XH, Yang KN, Li XM, Ma WB (1989) The effects of moxibustion at zusanli point on serum endocrine hormones of rats. Chen Tzu Yen Chiu 14:442–445

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Luo X, Nakamura T, Sun J, Small M (2007) Detecting temporal and spatial correlations in pseudoperiodic time series. Phys Rev E 75:016218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Sun J, Luo X, Zhang K, Nakamura T, Small M (2008) Characterizing topology of pseudoperiodic time series via complex network approach. Phys D 237:2856–2865

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Li KS, Ren Y, Cui FY, Xie ZJ, Shin JY, Tan ZJ, Tang LX, Bai LJ, Zou YH (2014) Acupuncture modulates the functional connectivity of the default mode network in stroke patients. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 11, Article ID: 765413, 7 p

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61172009, 61072012, 61104032 and 61302002) and by Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation (12JCZDJC21100).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Xin Pei, Jiang Wang, Bin Deng, Xile Wei & Haitao Yu

Authors
  1. Xin Pei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jiang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bin Deng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xile Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Haitao Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bin Deng.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pei, X., Wang, J., Deng, B. et al. WLPVG approach to the analysis of EEG-based functional brain network under manual acupuncture. Cogn Neurodyn 8, 417–428 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11571-014-9297-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11571-014-9297-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation