Zusammenfassung
Ziel der operativen Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms ist die komplette Resektion des Tumors. Für das lokal begrenzte Nierenzellkarzinom ist die organerhaltende Nierentumorresektion mittlerweile Goldstandard, insbesondere zum Erhalt der Nierenfunktion bei vergleichbarer onkologischer Effektivität im Vergleich zur radikalen Tumornephrektomie. Entscheidend für ein organerhaltendes Vorgehen ist die Einschätzung des Operateurs, ob eine komplette Resektion möglich ist. Die organerhaltende Nierentumorchirurgie kann bei entsprechender Expertise minimal-invasiv laparoskopisch, retroperitoneoskopisch oder roboterunterstützt („da Vinci“) durchgeführt werden. Alternativ stehen weitere Therapieoptionen (radikale Tumornephrektomie, perkutane oder laparoskopische Thermoablation, aktive Überwachung) zur Verfügung. Das therapeutische Vorgehen sollte individuell mit dem Patienten erörtert werden, wobei neben der onkologischen Frage die Komorbiditäten, die Lebenserwartung und die Nierenfunktion in die Überlegungen einbezogen werden müssen. Für das lokal fortgeschrittene Nierenzellkarzinom ist die komplette Resektion des Tumors Methode der Wahl. Beim metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinom ist im Kontext einer multimodalen Behandlung vor der systemischen Therapie eine zytoreduktive Tumornephrektomie anzustreben. Der Stellenwert der Metastasenchirurgie beim Nierenzellkarzinom bleibt auch in der Ära der „targeted therapy“ erhalten. Bei Patienten mit solitären oder resektablen Metastasen sollte eine Metastasenchirurgie in kurativer Intention in Betracht gezogen werden, um die Toxizität einer systemischen Therapie zu vermeiden.
Abstract
The aim of surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma is complete resection of the tumor.
For localized renal cell carcinoma organ-sparing resection of the kidney tumor has become the gold standard, in particular for preservation of renal function with comparable oncological efficacy compared to radical nephrectomy. Crucial for the organ-sparing approach is currently the judgment of the surgeon whether a complete resection is possible. Organ-sparing renal tumor surgery can be performed with the appropriate expertise by minimally invasive laparoscopic, retroperitoneoscopic or robot-assisted (“da Vinci”) approaches. Alternatively various other treatment options, such as radical nephrectomy, percutaneous or laparoscopic thermal ablation or active surveillance are available. The therapeutic approach should be discussed individually with the patient and in addition to the oncologic issues, comorbidities, life expectancy and renal function must also be taken into account.
For locally advanced renal cell carcinoma complete resection of the tumor is the method of choice. In metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the context of a multimodal treatment prior to systemic therapy cytoreductive nephrectomy is advised. The role of surgery in metastatic renal cell carcinoma remains unchanged in the era of targeted therapy. Patients with solitary or surgically manageable metastases should be considered for metastatic surgery with curative intent in order to avoid the toxicity of systemic therapy.
Literatur
Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward F et al (2006) Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 56:106–130
Robson CJ, Churchill BM, Andersen W (1969) The results of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 101:297–301
Blom JH, Poppel H van, Marechal JM et al (1999) Radical nephrectomy with and without lymph node dissection: preliminary results of the randomized phase III protocol 30881. Eur Urol 36:570–575
Fergany AF, Saad IR, Woo IL, Novick AC (2006) Open partial nephrectomy for tumor in a solitary kidney: experience with 400 cases. J Urol 175:1630–1633
Pahernik S, Roos F, Wiesner C, Thüroff JW (2007) Nephron sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma in a solitary kidney. World J Urol 25:513–517
Pahernik S, Cudovic D, Roos F et al (2007) Bilateral synchronous sporadic renal cell carcinoma: surgical management, oncological and functional outcome. BJU Int 5:548–552
Pahernik S, Gillitzer R, Thüroff JW (2004) Surgical atlas. Cone/wedge resection of renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 93:639–654
Butler BP, Novick AC, Miller DP et al (1995) Management of small unilateral renal cell carcinomas: radical versus nephron sparing surgery. J Urol 145:34–40
Lerner SE, Hawkins CA, Blute ML et al (1996) Disease outcome in patients with low stage renal cell carcinoma treated with nephron sparing or radical surgery. J Urol 155:1868–1873
Leibovich BC, Blute ML, Lohse CM et al (2004) Nephron sparing surgery for appropiately selected renal cell carcinoma between 4 and 7 cm results in outcome similar to radical nephrectomy. J Urol 171:1066–1070
Pahernik S, Roos F, Röhrig B et al (2008) Elective nephron sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma of larger than 4 cm. J Urol 179:71–74
Van Poppel H, Da Pozzo L, Albrecht W et al (2007) A prospective randomized EORTC intergroup phase 3 study comparing the complications of elective nephron sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy for low stage renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 51:1606–1615
Gill IS, Matin SF, Desai MM et al (2003) Comparative analysis of laparoscopic versus open partial nephrectomy for renal tumors in 200 patients. J Urol 170:64–68
Huang WC, Levey AS, Serio AM et al (2006) Chronic kidney disease after nephrectomy in patients with renal cortical tumors: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol 7:735–740
Lane BR, Babineau DC, Poggio ED et al (2008) Factor predicting renal functional outcome after partial nephrectomy. J Urol 180:2363–2368
Aaron M, Gill IS (2007) Minimally invasive nephron-sparing surgery (MINSS) for renal tumours. Part II: probe ablative therapy. Eur Urol 51:348–357
Gill IS, Remer EM, Hasan WA et al (2005) Renal cryoablation: outcome after 3 years. J Urol 173:1903–1907
Finley DS, Beck S, Box G et al (2008) Percutaneous and laparoscopic cryoablation of small renal masses. J Urol 180:492–498
Park S, Andersen JK, Matsumoto ED et al (2006) Radiofrequency ablation of renal tumors: intermediate-term results. J Endourol 20:569–573
Gervais DA, McGovern FJ, Arellano RS et al (2005) Radiofrequency ablation of renal cell carcinoma: part I, indications, results and role in patient management over a 6-year period and ablation of 100 tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol 185:64–71
Kunkle DA, Uzzo RG (2008) Cryoablation or radiofrequency ablation of the small renal mass: a meta-analysis. Cancer 113:2671–2680
Kunkle DA, Eglestone BL, Uzzo RG (2008) Excise, ablate or observe: the small renal mass dilemma – a meta-analysis and review. J Urol 179:1903–1907
Pahernik S, Ziegler S, Roos F et al (2007) Small renal tumors: correlation of clinical and pathological features with tumor size. J Urol 178:414–417
Remzi M, Ozsoy M, Klingler HC, Marberger S (2006) Are small renal tumors harmless? Analysis of histopathological features according to tumors 4 cm or less in diameter. J Urol 176:896–899
Lughezzani G, Jeldres C, Isbarn H (2009) Tumor size is a determinant of the rate of stage T1 renal cell cancer synchronous metastasis. J Urol 182:1287–1293
Chawla SN, Crispen PL, Hanlon Al et al (2006) The natural history of observed enhancing renal masses: meta-analysis and review of the world literature. J Urol 175:425–431
Margulis V, Sanchez-Ortis RF, Tamboli P et al (2007) Renal cell carcinoma clinically involving adjacent organs: experience with aggressive surgical management. Cancer 109:2025–2230
Leibovich BC, Blute MI, Cheville JC et al (2003) Prediction of progression after radical nephrectomy for patients with clear cell renal carcinoma: a stratfication tool for prospective clinical trials. Cancer 97:1663–1671
Flanigan RC, Salmon SE, Blumenstein BA et al (2001) Nephrectomy followed by interferon alfa-2b compared with interferon alfa-2b alone for metastatic renal cell cancer. N Engl J Med 345:1655–1659
Mickisch GH, Garin A, Poppel H van et al (2001) Radical nephrectomy plus interferon-alfa-based immunotherapy compared with interferon alfa alone in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma: a randomized trial. Lancet 358:966–970
Interessenkonflikt
Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pahernik, S., Hohenfellner, M. Operative Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms. Nephrologe 6, 323–330 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-010-0520-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-010-0520-4