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Operative Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms

Surgical treatment of renal cell cancer

  • Leitthema
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Der Nephrologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der operativen Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms ist die komplette Resektion des Tumors. Für das lokal begrenzte Nierenzellkarzinom ist die organerhaltende Nierentumorresektion mittlerweile Goldstandard, insbesondere zum Erhalt der Nierenfunktion bei vergleichbarer onkologischer Effektivität im Vergleich zur radikalen Tumornephrektomie. Entscheidend für ein organerhaltendes Vorgehen ist die Einschätzung des Operateurs, ob eine komplette Resektion möglich ist. Die organerhaltende Nierentumorchirurgie kann bei entsprechender Expertise minimal-invasiv laparoskopisch, retroperitoneoskopisch oder roboterunterstützt („da Vinci“) durchgeführt werden. Alternativ stehen weitere Therapieoptionen (radikale Tumornephrektomie, perkutane oder laparoskopische Thermoablation, aktive Überwachung) zur Verfügung. Das therapeutische Vorgehen sollte individuell mit dem Patienten erörtert werden, wobei neben der onkologischen Frage die Komorbiditäten, die Lebenserwartung und die Nierenfunktion in die Überlegungen einbezogen werden müssen. Für das lokal fortgeschrittene Nierenzellkarzinom ist die komplette Resektion des Tumors Methode der Wahl. Beim metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinom ist im Kontext einer multimodalen Behandlung vor der systemischen Therapie eine zytoreduktive Tumornephrektomie anzustreben. Der Stellenwert der Metastasenchirurgie beim Nierenzellkarzinom bleibt auch in der Ära der „targeted therapy“ erhalten. Bei Patienten mit solitären oder resektablen Metastasen sollte eine Metastasenchirurgie in kurativer Intention in Betracht gezogen werden, um die Toxizität einer systemischen Therapie zu vermeiden.

Abstract

The aim of surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma is complete resection of the tumor.

For localized renal cell carcinoma organ-sparing resection of the kidney tumor has become the gold standard, in particular for preservation of renal function with comparable oncological efficacy compared to radical nephrectomy. Crucial for the organ-sparing approach is currently the judgment of the surgeon whether a complete resection is possible. Organ-sparing renal tumor surgery can be performed with the appropriate expertise by minimally invasive laparoscopic, retroperitoneoscopic or robot-assisted (“da Vinci”) approaches. Alternatively various other treatment options, such as radical nephrectomy, percutaneous or laparoscopic thermal ablation or active surveillance are available. The therapeutic approach should be discussed individually with the patient and in addition to the oncologic issues, comorbidities, life expectancy and renal function must also be taken into account.

For locally advanced renal cell carcinoma complete resection of the tumor is the method of choice. In metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the context of a multimodal treatment prior to systemic therapy cytoreductive nephrectomy is advised. The role of surgery in metastatic renal cell carcinoma remains unchanged in the era of targeted therapy. Patients with solitary or surgically manageable metastases should be considered for metastatic surgery with curative intent in order to avoid the toxicity of systemic therapy.

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Correspondence to S. Pahernik or M. Hohenfellner.

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Pahernik, S., Hohenfellner, M. Operative Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms. Nephrologe 6, 323–330 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-010-0520-4

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