Zusammenfassung
Infektionen nach Nierentransplantation sind mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert. Deshalb sollten potenzielle Infektionsherde im Nierentransplantatempfänger schon vor Transplantation identifiziert und saniert werden, sowie notwendige Impfungen vorgenommen werden. Nach Nierentransplantation sind prophylaktische Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Infektionen insbesondere in den ersten Monaten einzuhalten. Dazu gehört die Gabe von Virustatika und Antibiotika, aber auch die ausführliche Aufklärung des Patienten über potenzielle Gefahren. Nach Nierentransplantation ist v. a. in der ersten Phase ein engmaschiges Monitoring des Patienten hinsichtlich Infektionen zu gewährleisten. Bei Fieber oder Anstieg der Infektparameter sollte frühzeitig eine intensive Abklärung erfolgen, der sich eine zielgerichtete antimikrobielle Therapie anschließt. Durch frühzeitige Diagnostik und Therapie lassen sich so auch schwerwiegende Infektionen größtenteils gut beherrschen.
Abstract
Infections after renal transplantation are associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Prior to transplantation potential sources of infection should be identified and treated adequately, and important vaccinations should be performed. After renal transplantation prophylactic treatments to avoid infections are very important. These include treatment with virostatics and antibiotics as well as patients’ training concerning potential infections. Intensive monitoring of patients during the first period after transplantation is vital. Fever or increasing parameters of infection should be clarified carefully, followed by specific antimicrobial therapy. Early diagnosis and therapy may help to control life threatening infections after transplantation.
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Morath, C., Sommerer, C., Schmidt, J. et al. Infektionen nach Nierentransplantation. Nephrologe 2, 167–174 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-007-0081-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-007-0081-3