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Rekurrenz der Grundkrankheit nach Nierentransplantation

Recurrence of the original illness following kidney transplantation

  • Leitthema
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Der Nephrologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die Rekurrenz der Grundkrankheit zählt zu den wichtigsten Ursachen eines Nierentransplantatverlusts in den ersten 10 Jahren. Die klinischen Symptome ähneln denen der Grundkrankheit, können jedoch auch dezent sein oder als Teil einer chronischen Transplantatnephropathie imponieren. Ein hohes Risiko für eine klinisch relevante Rekurrenzen haben die primäre FSGS, das atypische HUS und die Amyloidose. Ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko besteht für Patienten im Kindesalter, mit rasch fortschreitender Insuffizienz in den Eigennieren und solche, die bereits ein Transplantat durch Rekurrenz verloren haben. Da die Nierentransplantation das Patientenüberleben und die Lebensqualität gegenüber der Dialysebehandlung verbessert, ist sie selbst für Patienten mit häufig rekurrierenden Grundkrankheiten das Verfahren der Wahl. Der vorliegende Artikel diskutiert die Datenlage zu Häufigkeit, Risikofaktoren und Auswirkungen im Transplantat rekurrierender Nierenerkrankungen.

Summary

Recurrent disease is among the most frequent causes of renal allograft loss in the first 10 years. The clinical symptoms may resemble those of the original kidney disease, but can also be mild or be mistaken for a component of slowly progressive allograft failure. In patients with primary FSGS, atypical HUS or AA amyloidosis there is a particularly high risk of relevant recurrences. The risk is also elevated in children, in patients with rapidly progressive renal failure, and in those who have already experienced loss of a transplant through recurrent disease. Nevertheless, renal transplantation can yield longer patient survival and a better quality of life than hemodialysis does, and it is therefore the therapy of choice even for patients with recurrent disease. This article includes a discussion of the data available on frequency and risk factors and on the clinical implications of recurrent renal disease for the transplant.

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Gerke, P. Rekurrenz der Grundkrankheit nach Nierentransplantation. Nephrologe 2, 189–195 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-007-0078-y

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