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Phylogeny of Agaricus subgenus Pseudochitonia with the description of a new section and a new species from Oman

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Abstract

Agaricus is an important mushroom genus with some most common edible and medicinal species, but some members are also poisonous. Taxonomically, the genus is divided into seven subgenera including the subgenus Pseudochitonia. In this study, we analyzed some collections of Agaricus from southern Oman, belonging to A. subgenus Pseudochitonia. Agaricus subg. Pseudochitonia is the largest subgenus in terms of sections, with 13 sections by applying the modern taxonomic system in which supraspecific taxa are ranked according to their divergence times. We applied the same procedure using BEAST (Bayesian evolutionary analysis sampling tree) to evaluate the taxonomic position of our specimens. Our specimens formed a strong monophyletic clade with unclassified Agaricus species (A. lannaensis and A. sp. CA820), based on multigene sequence data (ITS, 28S and TEF1) and ITS alignment. The divergence time is estimated around 20–30 million years for this clade. We proposed a new section Catenulati following the basic principles of modern taxonomic system of Agaricus, which are (i) strong phylogenetic support, (ii) divergence times younger than 30 Ma, and (iii) specific morphological characters where possible. The new section Catenulati is represented by a new species Agaricus arabiensis. Moreover, the new section resolved the pending issue of A. lannaensis, previously as unclassified taxon in A. subg. Pseudochitonia and is now in A. sect. Catenulati. The new section is characterized by a phenolic odor of basidiomata and catenoid cheilocystidia.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Nabil Al Dhanki, Saif Al Salami, Mohammed Al Jahwari, and Ibrahim Al Sabahi (Sultan Qaboos University, Oman) for their help in the collection of mushroom specimens.

Code availability

Not applicable.

Funding

Financial support to the project came from the Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Centre and Sultan Qaboos University (CR/AGR/CROP/19/01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, AlKhoud, 123, Sultanate of Oman

    Shah Hussain, Rethinasamy Velazhahan & Abdullah M. Al-Sadi

  2. Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Center (Mawarid), Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, P.O. Box 515, P.C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman

    Moza Al-Kharousi, Marwa A. Al-Muharabi, Dua’a Al-Maqbali, Zahra Al-Shabibi, Abdullah H. Al-Balushi, Mohamed N. Al-Yahya’ei & Nadiya Al Saady

  3. Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care & Research Center, P.O. Box 566, P.C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman

    Marwa A. Al-Muharabi

  4. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman

    Raid Abdel-Jalil

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  1. Shah Hussain
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Contributions

SH, MA, MAA, DA, and ZA performed the experiment and the data analyses and wrote the manuscript. AHA, MNA, NA, RA, RV, and AMA designed the experiments and helped perform the analysis and provided help in writing the reviewing the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdullah M. Al-Sadi.

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Hussain, S., Al-Kharousi, M., Al-Muharabi, M.A. et al. Phylogeny of Agaricus subgenus Pseudochitonia with the description of a new section and a new species from Oman. Mycol Progress 21, 72 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-022-01819-8

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