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Loosening the belt: unknown diversity of the strangled stinkhorn genus Staheliomyces (Phallales, Basidiomycota)

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Abstract

Known to date only from the Neotropics, the genus Staheliomyces E. Fisch. (Phallaceae, Phallales) was described from Suriname with only a single species, S. cinctus E. Fisch. Nearly 100 years have passed since the original description, and its systematic position and species diversity have not been investigated. Collections from Brazil and Costa Rica were studied, and four new species are described based on morphology, molecular phylogenetic analyses, and nomenclatural review. We provide morphological descriptions together with a key to species, and a proposal to emend the genus. We review the type material of S. cinctus located in herbarium of Botanischer Garten der Universität Bern (BERN), and establish the phylogenetic position of the genus which clusters with Xylophallus (Schltdl.) E. Fisch. in an exclusively neotropical clade. Our results highlight the importance of studying neglected taxa that impacts knowledge of biodiversity especially for localities that have been poorly collected. The study of herbarium collections can reveal data on forgotten type materials and shed light on the work of pioneering mycologists. This study also brings insights into biogeographical diversity of the phalloid fungi.

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Data availability

The datasets generated in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Doriane P. Rodrigues for coordination of the Laboratory of Applied Evolution at the Federal University of Amazonas, where part of the molecular data was obtained. We are extremely grateful to Dr. Reinhard Berndt, curator of fungal collection from ETH Zürich, and Dr. Katja Rembold, curator of the herbarium BERN, for providing important information on Fischer’s phalloid fungi collections. We also thank the several people cited in this study who collected and deposited material at herbaria, as well as those who freely provide photos on online databases promoting the development of citizen science. Clark L. Ovrebo thanks the Organization for Tropical studies to allow collecting at the La Selva Research (Biological) Station.

Funding

This work was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for NMA (Finance Code 001) and TSC scholarships (88882.317512/2019-01); and by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for GCSM (140541/2018-7) and TSC scholarships (160321/2013-1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Divisão de Pós-graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil

    Tiara S. Cabral

  2. Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil

    Gislaine C. S. Melanda & Iuri Goulart Baseia

  3. Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil

    Nathalia Mendonça de Assis & Iuri Goulart Baseia

  4. Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA

    Clark Ovrebo

  5. Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico – CSIC, Madrid, Spain

    María P. Martín

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  1. Tiara S. Cabral
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  2. Gislaine C. S. Melanda
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  3. Nathalia Mendonça de Assis
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  4. Clark Ovrebo
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Contributions

Material preparation and data collection and analyses were performed by Tiara S. Cabral, Gislaine C.S. Melanda, and Nathalia M. de Assis. The first draft of the manuscript was written by T.S.C., G.C.S.M, and N.M.A, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Tiara S. Cabral.

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Cabral, T.S., Melanda, G.C.S., de Assis, N.M. et al. Loosening the belt: unknown diversity of the strangled stinkhorn genus Staheliomyces (Phallales, Basidiomycota). Mycol Progress 21, 46 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-022-01782-4

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