Abstract
Cintractia (Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginomycotina) is a widespread genus of smut fungi that parasitizes species of Cyperaceae. Specimens of Cintractia spp. on species of Cyperus s. lat. were examined to resolve their taxonomy, including a species on Cyperus aromaticus, which is an invasive weed in Australia. A phylogenetic species concept was used to show that Cintractia limitata s. lat. contains three different species, Cintractia limitata, C. tangensis, and a new species C. kyllingae. The proposed taxonomy is based on phylogenetic analyses of the ITS rDNA region and on the position of the sori in diverse parts of inflorescences examined in approximately 100 specimens of Cintractia. A morphological synapomorphy in C. tangensis is sori with firmly agglutinated spore masses around the base of the peduncles, rarely in the spikelets. Cintractia limitata forms powdery spore masses between flowers and is known only to occur on Cyperus species with spikelets in capitate heads. Cintractia kyllingae was found on Cy. aromaticus and may have potential as a biological control agent in Australia.
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Data availability
Sequence data have been deposited in GenBank.
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Prof. Dr. Meike Piepenbring for providing images of Cintractia spp. on Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus cyperoides in the field. Marjan Shivas is thanked for collecting specimens. Permits for the collection and export of specimens from Africa were obtained from the National Museums of Kenya, the Forestry Research Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria, and the Commission for Science and Technology, Tanzania.
Funding
This project was supported by the AgriFutures Australia (formerly Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation), through funding from the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment as part of its Rural Research and Development for Profit Program and the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries.
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The first draft of the manuscript was written by Julia Kruse and all authors commented on subsequent versions of the manuscript. Julia Kruse, Alistair Ross McTaggart, and Roger Graham Shivas contributed to the phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses. Paul Mutuku Musili organized field work, collected specimens, and identified host plants in Kenya. Fredrick Munyao Mutie collected specimens and identified host plants in Kenya. John Elia Ntandu organized field work, collected specimens, and identified host plants in Tanzania. Ocholi Edogbanya and Emmanuel C. Chukwuma organized field work, collected specimens, and identified host plants in Nigeria. Kunjithapatham Dhileepan and Roger Shivas collected specimens in Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. All authors contributed to the study conception, design, preparation of material, data collection, and analysis.
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Kruse, J., McTaggart, A.R., Dhileepan, K. et al. Broad and narrow host ranges in resolved species of Cintractia limitata s. lat. (Anthracoideaceae, Ustilaginomycotina) on Cyperus. Mycol Progress 20, 191–201 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01664-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01664-7