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Filamentous fungi associated with Brazilian stone samples: structure of the fungal community, diversity indexes, and ecological analysis

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Abstract

The present study aims to explore the diversity patterns of cultivable filamentous fungi and establish the ecological interactions that occur within the mycological community on soapstone in two distinct places: Architectural Complex of Caraça and Congonhas town, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. A total of 200 isolates of filamentous fungi were detected and 72 distinct taxa were identified using molecular tools. The rock-inhabiting fungal communities were comprised of cosmopolitan taxa, which displayed high diversity and richness, but low dominance indexes at two of the sampling sites over the course of 12 months. The detection of organic acids secreted by the isolated filamentous fungal species revealed the potential for deterioration of the model stone by these fungi. Our results suggest that the isolated fungal communities of the two Brazilian localities have the ability to adapt to environmental adversities over the four seasons of the year, predicting adaptive population dynamics in the stone colonization. We conclude that this study on the ecological dynamics of the rock-inhabiting fungal communities can help to understand the competitive interactions between the environmental fungi. In addition, these fungi may contribute to the preservation of the Brazilian historical heritage that is vulnerable to environmental conditions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Dr. Marcos Paulo de Souza Miranda - MPMG (Ministério Público do Estado de Minas Gerais), Dr. Ubiraci Gomes de Paula Lana for the DNA sequencing, MSc. André Luís Andrade (IPHAN), and CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil

    Douglas Boniek, Quésia Souza Damaceno, Crísia Santos de Abreu & Maria Aparecida de Resende Stoianoff

  2. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil

    Douglas Boniek & Isolda de Castro Mendes

  3. Faculdade de Engenharia e Arquitetura, Fundação de Educação e Cultura de Minas Gerais, Universidade FUMEC, Rua Cobre, 200, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30310-190, Brazil

    Antônio Fernando Batista dos Santos

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  1. Douglas Boniek
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  2. Quésia Souza Damaceno
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  5. Antônio Fernando Batista dos Santos
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Correspondence to Douglas Boniek.

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Boniek, D., Damaceno, Q.S., de Abreu, C.S. et al. Filamentous fungi associated with Brazilian stone samples: structure of the fungal community, diversity indexes, and ecological analysis. Mycol Progress 18, 565–576 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01470-w

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