Abstract
Four new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomeromycota) were isolated from the rhizosphere of endemic metallophytic plants in ultramafic soils in New Caledonia (South Pacific) and propagated on Sorghum vulgare. Acaulospora saccata and A. fragilissima are placed in the Acaulosporaceae, Scutellospora ovalis in the Gigasporaceae, and Rhizophagus neocaledonicus in the Glomeraceae. The novelty of these species is supported by morphological characters of spores and phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the rDNA region, comprising partial small subunit rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacers, 5.8S rRNA gene, and the partial large subunit rRNA gene. New Caledonia is known for its high degree of endemism in plants, which is due to its geographic position and geological history. This is the first taxonomic study exploring local Glomeromycota of this island, which may help to address the question of possible AMF endemism in future studies.
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This work was partly supported by the CNRT “Nickel and its environment,” Nouméa, New Caledonia (CSF No. 1PS2013)
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Fig. S1
ML analysis of LSU rDNA sequence of Acaulospora saccata and Acaulospora fragilissima and 31 known species of AMF, including Claroideoglomus claroideum as outgroup. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences. Bootstrap values are given for each branch. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site. Phylogenetic trees were viewed and edited with MEGA 7. (PDF 18 kb).
Fig. S2
ML analysis of SSU-ITS-LSU rDNA sequences of Acaulospora saccata and Acaulospora fragilissima and 31 known species of AMF, including two nearest environmental sequences and Claroideoglomus claroideum as outgroup. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on small subunit–internal transcribed spacer–large subunit (SSU-ITS-LSU) rDNA sequences. Sequences labeled with an asterisk (*) represent the LSU gene only. Bootstrap values are given for each branch. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site. Phylogenetic trees were viewed and edited with MEGA 7. (PDF 19 kb).
Fig. S3
Partial phylogenetic trees of LSU rDNA obtained by Bayesian analysis over 107 generations using the General Time Reversible Model in MrBayes 3.2 (ref.). Majority rule consensus trees were cropped to only retain regions of interest. Numbers at branches indicate posterior probabilities. (PDF 37 kb).
Figs. S4
A, C, E. Scutellospora ovalis spores. B, D, F. Scutellospora calospora BEG32 spores. A, B. Intact spores. C, D, E, F. Spore wall (Sw), inner wall 1 (Iw1) and inner wall 2 (Iw2). C. D. In PVLG. E. F. In PVLG + Melzer’s reagent. (PDF 46574 kb).
Fig. S5
ML analysis of SSU-ITS-LSU rDNA sequence of Rhizophagus neocaledonicus and 24 known species of AMF, including three nearest environmental sequences and Claroideoglomus claroideum as outgroup. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on small subunit–internal transcribed spacer–large subunit (SSU-ITS-LSU) rDNA sequences. Sequences labeled with an asterisk (*) represent the LSU gene only. Bootstrap values are given for each branch. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site. Phylogenetic trees were viewed and edited with MEGA 7. (PDF 15 kb).
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Crossay, T., Cilia, A., Cavaloc, Y. et al. Four new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) associated with endemic plants from ultramafic soils of New Caledonia. Mycol Progress 17, 729–744 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1386-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1386-5