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Four putative entomopathogenic fungi of armoured scale insects on Citrus in Australia

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Abstract

This study led to the discovery of four putative entomopathogenic fungi of armoured scale insects on citrus trees in coastal New South Wales. Two of these species belong in Podonectria as P. coccicola (Ellis & Everh.) Petch (syn. Tetracrium coccicola (Höhn.) Ellis & Everh.) and P. novae-zelandiae Dingley. Members of this genus are grown in culture for the first time. Formerly placed in the Pleosporales, Tubeufiaceae, or more recently in the Tubeufiales, these species are herein placed in the new family Podonectriaceae fam. nov., Pleosporales. Another species is placed in the Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae as Clonostachys coccicola (J.A. Stev.) H.T. Dao comb. nov. (basionym Tubercularia coccicola J.A. Stev., syn. Nectria tuberculariae Petch). The fourth species is Myriangium citri Henn. (Myriangiales, Myriangiaceae). Each fungal species is characterized and the phylogenetic placement confirmed by molecular analyses of the ITS and 28 s rDNA regions. In addition, their biology is noted, including location of the fungi within tree canopies.

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Acknowledgments

The study was undertaken as part of postgraduate studies funded by an AusAID scholarship awarded to Dao Thi Hang. We thank the owners of study orchards on the Central Coast of New South Wales: Ted and Sylvia Lister, and Ross and Maureen Hitchcock at Kulnura, Max and Kevin Britten at Somersby, Jeromy Wallis and Gerry Whitmont at Lower Portland, Bruce and Phillip Gardiner at Cornwallis, and Deidre Hartog at Castlereagh. Ms Sandra Hardy (formerly Industry Leader Citrus, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries) is thanked for her enthusiastic support and interest. We thank Dr. Michael Priest, curator of the New South Wales Herbarium, Orange Agricultural Institute, Agriculture New South Wales) for identification of Myriangium citri and Dr. Silvio Lopes (Fundo de Defensa da Citricultura, Brazil) for his help with translation of some text on Myriangium citri from Portuguese to English.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Protection Research Institute, Chem, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Hang Thi Dao

  2. Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia

    G. Andrew C. Beattie & Paul Holford

  3. Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA

    Amy Y. Rossman

  4. Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

    Lester W. Burgess

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  1. Hang Thi Dao
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  2. G. Andrew C. Beattie
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  3. Amy Y. Rossman
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  4. Lester W. Burgess
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  5. Paul Holford
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Correspondence to Hang Thi Dao.

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Section Editor: Gerhard Rambold

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Dao, H.T., Beattie, G.A.C., Rossman, A.Y. et al. Four putative entomopathogenic fungi of armoured scale insects on Citrus in Australia. Mycol Progress 15, 47 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-016-1188-6

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