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Transatlantic disjunction in fleshy fungi. I. The Sparassis crispa complex

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Abstract

Phylogenies based on ITS and LSU sequences show that the Sparassis crispa complex comprises several monophyletic clades, in some cases co\rresponding to named taxa (i.e. S. crispa, S. radicata), but others lacking names (i.e. eastern and southwestern North American S. “crispa”). In our study, morphological examination of numerous collections also distinguished subtle differences correlated with geographic distribution. Underlying these problems, several taxa lacked type specimens for taxonomic analysis. In this paper, appropriate epitypes are designated and names assigned. Extensive sexual compatibility experiments, described within, indicate that monokaryon, haploid isolates of collections from North America and Europe are consistently sexually compatible to some degree. Inherent in the study, different “species concepts” were tested, with the “biological species concept,” based on sexual compatibility, being the least restrictive. We propose two new taxa, S. americana and S. americana f. arizonica.

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Acknowledgments

Dr. Steve Trudell (University of Washington) and Mr. Brian Luther organized and furnished specimens and spore prints of S. radicata; Dr. Nadezhda Psurtseva furnished dikaryon cultures from the Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. Ms. Rita Rentmeester expedited dikaryon cultures from CFMR, which represented several collections cited by Martin and Gilbertson (1976), and Dr. Beatriz Ortiz-Santana arranged a loan of specimens from CFMR. Dr. Egon Horak investigated the herbarium of IB and identified specimens of S. crispa from the topotype area. Research was supported by a US National Science Foundation Grant to RHP and KWH.

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  1. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1100, USA

    Karen W. Hughes, Ana Reboredo Segovia & Ronald H. Petersen

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  1. Karen W. Hughes
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  2. Ana Reboredo Segovia
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Correspondence to Ronald H. Petersen.

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ESM 1

Crosses between single-spore isolates of Sparassis radicata exemplars. Collections used are: TENN49093 (BC); TENN56253 (CA); TENN67982 (WA); TENN67985 (WA); TENN67997-SAT 295-01 (WA); TENN67999- SAT 301-01 (OR). Solid line = four successful crosses from four attempts with different single-basidiospore isolates. Long dash = three successful crosses of four attempts. Medium dash = two successful crosses of four attempts. Short dash = one successful cross of four attempts (JPEG 49 kb).

High-Resolution Image (TIFF 636 kb)

ESM 2

Crosses between single-spore isolates of exemplars of the Sparassis crispa complex. Collections used are: TENN65974 (TN), TENN65584 (NC; E-US S. “crispa” hybrid between clades I and II), TENN65971 (TN E-US S. “crispa” hybrid between clades I and II), OKM 7058 (MD, dikaryon culture from CFMR; E-US S. “crispa” clade II); KJM 279 (AZ; spontaneously fruiting dikaryon culture from CFMR); TENN67997-SAT 295-01 (WA; S. “radicata”), TENN67999-SAT 301-01 (OR; S. “radicata”), LE 043 (Germany, S. crispa, dikaryon culture from the Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia). Solid line = four successful crosses from four attempts with different single-basidiospore isolates. Long dash = three successful crosses of four attempts. Short dash = two successful crosses of four attempts (JPEG 73 kb).

High-Resolution Image (TIFF 841 kb)

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Hughes, K.W., Segovia, A.R. & Petersen, R.H. Transatlantic disjunction in fleshy fungi. I. The Sparassis crispa complex. Mycol Progress 13, 407–427 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-013-0927-1

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