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Reconfigurable color medical image encryptor using hardware accelerated Chao(S)-box triplets

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Abstract

In telemedicine applications, the security of digitized medical images plays a vital role globally. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based implementations have many benefits for real-time security applications, such as being able to be changed, working simultaneously, being easy to prototype, and getting to market faster. In this work, hardware-accelerated three-tier architecture to encrypt color medical images under the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) modality has been realized on a Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29C7 FPGA. The proposed design achieves three-tiered security through the substitution, diffusion, and permutation processes with concurrent hardware implementation on an FPGA to attain performance benefits. The substitution block utilizes an enhanced S-box constructed using a Zhongtong chaotic system. The diffusion block uses the random sequences generated from a canonical memristor and Rossler’s attractor as a dual key. The permutation process is completed by the keys generated by cellular automata (CA) Rules 90 and 150. The key feature of this security architecture is that it is designed as a concurrent approach for RGB medical images; here, plane-level concurrency is achieved, thereby increasing the throughput. Further, on-the-fly confusion eliminates the unwanted memory requirement. The security strength of the proposed encryption scheme has been evaluated through various metrics such as entropy, correlation, histogram, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and keyspace analysis. The synthesis results ensure efficient implementation on FPGA hardware with fewer logic elements (2212) and minimal power dissipation (131.40 mW) to encrypt a 256 256 RGB DICOM image with 8-bit resolution. Furthermore, the S-box’s randomness has been validated using NIST SP 800 and its 22 batteries. Compared with earlier encryption schemes, the proposed work outperforms them in statistical and hardware analyses.

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Acknowledgements

Authors thank the Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi, for the FIST funding (SR/FST/ET-I/2018/221(C)). Also, the authors wish to thank the Intrusion Detection Lab at School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, for providing infrastructural support to carry out this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India

    Vinoth Raj, Siva Janakiraman & Rengarajan Amirtharajan

  2. Electronics & Communication Engineering, Velammal Institute of Technology, 601204, Chennai, India

    Vinoth Raj

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  1. Vinoth Raj
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Correspondence to Siva Janakiraman.

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Raj, V., Janakiraman, S. & Amirtharajan, R. Reconfigurable color medical image encryptor using hardware accelerated Chao(S)-box triplets. J Real-Time Image Proc 20, 27 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-023-01278-8

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