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Eigenständige Mobilität von Kindern

Ein narrativer Überblick zu einem in der Präventions- und Gesundheitsforschung vernachlässigten Phänomen

Children’s independent mobility

A narrative review of a phenomenon neglected in the field of prevention and health research

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Kinder in Deutschland und anderen Industrienationen bewegen sich nicht ausreichend und leiden zunehmend an Folgeerkrankungen des Bewegungsmangels. Obwohl die eigenständige Mobilität als ein wichtiger Ansatzpunkt für die Bewegungsförderung im Kindesalter identifiziert wurde, ist dieses Phänomen bisher in der deutschsprachigen Gesundheitsforschung kaum beachtet worden.

Ziel des Beitrags

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung zur eigenständigen Mobilität von Kindern und legt dabei den Fokus auf die Relevanz des Phänomens für die Gesundheitsforschung im deutschsprachigen Raum.

Methoden

Die Vorstellung des Forschungsstands erfolgt als narrativer Review, der nationale und internationale Studien einschließt, die mittels Literaturrecherche identifiziert und selektiv zusammengefasst wurden. Es werden die Definition, Indikatoren, Prävalenzen und historische Trends sowie Befunde über Gesundheitseffekte und Einflussfaktoren der eigenständigen Mobilität von Kindern thematisiert.

Ergebnisse

Die eigenständige Mobilität von Kindern ist mit einigen Gesundheitsparametern positiv assoziiert. Kohortenstudien deuten jedoch darauf hin, dass die eigenständige Mobilität von Kindern weltweit zurückgeht, wobei die Prävalenz der eigenständigen Mobilität unterschiedlicher Nationen sich stark unterscheidet. Insbesondere die Eltern nehmen eine wichtige Rolle für den Grad der eigenständigen Mobilität ihres Kindes ein. Aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum liegen keine gesundheitswissenschaftlichen Studien zur eigenständigen Mobilität vor.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Gesundheitsforschung sollte zur Bewegungsförderung im Kindesalter neben strukturierten Sportaktivitäten auch freie, unstrukturierte Bewegungsaktivitäten wie die eigenständige Mobilität mit einschließen.

Abstract

Background

Children in Germany and other industrialized nations are insufficiently physically active and, thus, increasingly affected by its comorbidities. Although children’s independent mobility has been identified as an important issue for the promotion of physical activity in childhood, to date, this phenomenon has received little attention in German-speaking health research.

Objective

This article provides an overview of the current state of research on children’s independent mobility focussing on the relevance of this phenomenon for the health and prevention research in German-speaking countries.

Methods

Based on a literature search, national and international literature was identified and selectively summarized to present the state of knowledge as a narrative review. Definitions, indicators, prevalence, and historical trends as well as findings on health effects and predictors of children’s independent mobility are discussed.

Results

Children’s independent mobility is positively associated with numerous health parameters. However, cohort studies indicate that children’s independent mobility is declining worldwide, while the prevalence of children’s independent mobility differs strongly between countries. In particular, parents play an important role in the extent of their children’s independent mobility. In German-speaking countries, no health research studies on children’s independent mobility exist to date.

Conclusion

In addition to organized sport activities, health and prevention programs in childhood should also include the promotion of free and unorganized physical activities—such as independent mobility.

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Correspondence to Anne K. Reimers.

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Interessenkonflikt

A.K. Reimers und I. Marzi geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autorinnen durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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A.K. Reimers und I. Marzi haben geteilte Erstautorenschaft.

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Reimers, A.K., Marzi, I. Eigenständige Mobilität von Kindern. Präv Gesundheitsf 14, 306–312 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11553-018-0688-4

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