Abstract
This paper traces the diachronic developments of C1V1- reduplicative processes and their functions in some Austronesian languages. In the first half of the paper, we first examine the possible precursors of this reduplication, in particular the wide range of meanings that are associated with C1V1- reduplication in Formosan languages. One of the issues that is addressed is the diachronic relationship of C1V1- reduplication to the fixed vowel reduplicative pattern, C1 a-, that is commonly found in both Philippine and Formosan languages and which has been reconstructed for Proto-Austronesian. I will claim that the evidence suggests that this fixed vowel reduplicative pattern developed from C1V1- reduplication, and not the reverse. Various paths of semantic development are proposed which bridge the gap between iterative and other functions such as instrumental nominalization, human noun plurals and quantifiers. In the Philippines, the development of *C1V1- ‘human noun plural’ in some of the northern languages of Luzon has resulted in the loss of any reduplicative tie to the base, resulting in the development of unique plural morphemes. This will be discussed in the second half of the paper, utilizing the concepts of abduction and deduction to demonstrate how reduplicative processes which are structurally ambiguous have been re-interpreted and analogically spread to affect lexical items originally not in the domain of the reduplication.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andersen H. (1973) Abductive and deductive change. Language and Linguistics 49: 765–793
Andersen H. (2001) Actualization and the (uni)directionality of change. In: Andersen H. (eds) Actualization. Amsterdam and Philadelphia, John Benjamins, pp 225–248
Andersen H. (2006) Grammation, regrammation, and degrammation: Tense loss in Russian. Diachronica 23(2): 231–258
Benton R.A. (1974–1975). Pluralization in Ilokano: The realization of form and meaning. Te Reo, 17–18, 3–9.
Blevins J. (2004) Evolutionary phonology: The emergence of sound patterns. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Blevins J. (2005) The role of phonological predictability in sound change: Privileged reduction in Oceanic reduplicated substrings. Oceanic Linguistics 44(2): 517–526
Blust R. (1998) Ca- reduplication and Proto-Austronesian grammar. Oceanic Linguistics 37(1): 29–64
Blust R. (1999) Squib: A note on covert structure: Ca- reduplication in Amis. Oceanic Linguistics 38(1): 168–174
Blust, R. (2003). Thao dictionary [Language and Linguistics Monograph Series Number A5]. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics (Preparatory Office), Academia Sinica.
Blust R. (2007) Disyllabic attractors and anti-antigemination in Austronesian sound change. Phonology 24: 1–36
Bybee J.L., Perkins R.D., Pagliuca W. (1994) The evolution of grammar: Tense, aspect and modality in the languages of the world. University of Chicago Press, Chicago London
Deutscher G. (2002) On the misuse of the notion of “Abduction” in linguistics. Journal of Linguistics 38: 469–485
Ferrell, R. (1969). Taiwan aboriginal groups: Problems in culture and linguistic classification [Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, Monograph No. 17]. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
Fischer, O. (2007). Morphosyntactic change: Functional and formal perspectives [Oxford Surveys in Syntax and Morphology]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hsin A. (1996) Noun phrase structure and focus marking in Kavalan. Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, New Series 26(3): 323–364
Hurch B., Mattes V. (2005) Über die Entstehung von partieller Reduplikation. In: Fenk-Oczlon G., Winkler C. (eds) Sprache und Natürlichkeit. Gedenkband für Willi Mayerthaler. Tübingen, Narr, pp 137–156
Lambrecht F.H. (1978) Ifugaw-English dictionary. The Catholic Bishop Apostolic of the Mountain Province, Baguio City, Philippines
Lopez C. (1949) Reduplication in Tagalog (revised edition). Manila, Bureau of Printing
Mattes, V. (2007). Types of reduplication: A case study of Bikol. Ph.D. dissertation, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Graz, Austria.
Newell, L. E. (1993). Batad Ifugao dictionary with ethnographic notes [Linguistic Society of the Philippines Special Monograph Issue, Number 33]. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines.
Niepokuj, M. (1997). The development of verbal reduplication in Indo-European [Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph 24]. Washington: Institute for the Study of Man.
Oates, W. J., & Lynette F. O. (1955). Central Cagayan Negrito vocabulary. Manila: The Summer Institute of Linguistics and the Institute of National Language of the Department of Education.
Odden D. (1988) Anti anti-gemination and the OCP. Linguistic Inquiry 19: 451–475
Panganiban J.V. (1966) Talahuluganang: Pilipino-Ingles. Manila, Kawanihan ng Palimbagan
Reid, L. A. (1976). Bontok-English dictionary, with English Bontok finder list. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics C-36.
Reid L.A. (1992) On the development of the aspect system in some Philippine languages. Oceanic Linguistics 31(1): 65–91
Reid, L. A. (2005). A cross-generational view of contact-related phenomena in a Philippine language: Phonology. In S. Quakenbush & D. Dayag (Eds.), Sociolinguistics and language education in the Philippines and beyond: Festschrift in honor of Ma. Lourdes S. Bautista. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines and the Summer Institute of Linguistics.
Reid, L. A. (2006). Human noun pluralization in Northern Luzon languages. In H. Y. Chang, L. M. 862 Huang, & D. Ho (Eds.), Streams converging into an ocean: Festschrift in honor of Professor Paul Li on his 70th birthday (pp. 49–70). Taipei: Academia Sinica.
Reid L.A. (2007) Another look at the marking of plural personal noun constructions in Austronesian languages. Oceanic Linguistics 46(1): 232–252
Rubino, C. (2000). Ilocano dictionary and grammar [PALI Language Texts]. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
Rubino C. (2006) Intensive Tausug: A pedagogical grammar of the language of Jolo. Dunwoody Press, Kensington
Schachter, P. (1987). Tagalog. In B. Comrie (Ed.), The world’s major languages (Chap. 41). New York: Oxford University Press.
Shetler, J. (1976). Notes on Balangao grammar [Language Data: Asian-Pacific Series, No. 9]. Huntington Beach: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
Thurgood E. (1997) Bontok reduplication and prosodic templates. Oceanic Linguistics 36(1): 135–148
Topping, D. M., Ogo, P. M., & Dungca, B. C. (1975). Chamorro-English dictionary [PALI Language Texts: Micronesia]. Honolulu: University Press of Hawai‘i.
Vanoverbergh M. (1955) Iloko grammar. Catholic School Press, Baguio City
Vanoverbergh, M. (1972). Isneg-English vocabulary [Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication No. 11]. Honolulu: University Press of Hawai‘i.
Zeitoun, E., & Wu C.-H. (2006). An overview of reduplication in Formosan languages. In H. Y. Chang, L. M. Huang, & D. Ho (Eds.), Streams converging into an ocean: Festschrift in honor of Professor Paul Li on his 70th birthday (pp. 97–142). Taipei: Academia Sinica.
Zorc, R. D. (1979). On the development of contrastive word accent: Pangasinan, a case in point. In N. D. Liem (Ed.), Southeast Asian linguistic studies (Vol. 3, pp. 241–258). Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Reid, L.A. On the diachronic development of C1V1- reduplication in some Austronesian languages. Morphology 19, 239–261 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-009-9142-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-009-9142-9