Abstract
The places where a child lives and attends to school are both major environmental and social determinants of its present and future health status. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and some of their risk factors among child and adolescent populations are obesity and dyslipidemia, so finding the patterns of distribution of these risk factors by gender, type of school, area, and margination level is important to do health intervention focusing in their necessities to prevent diseases at younger ages. Because of that, a cross-sectional study was performed among elementary and junior high school students from public and private schools in six of the seven areas of the metropolitan zone of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Biochemical dyslipidemia indicators (triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein) and anthropometric data (weight and height) were obtained. Seventeen public schools and five private schools with a total of 383 students were included. More than half of the studied population (53.0 %) had elevated triglyceride levels. A total of 330 students (86.2 %) had normal levels of total cholesterol with a mean value of 141.7 mg/dl, and 202 schoolchildren (52.8 %) had lower than acceptable levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with a mean value of 43.9 mg/dl. There were differences in the levels of high-density protein between the areas and the type of school where they had been studied. Finally, a total of 150 students (39.4 %) had at least one altered lipid value and 103 participants (26.9 %) had two altered values. Several students, despite their young age, showed a high prevalence of risk factors, so it is important to design programs according to their necessities.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Urbanización y salud [Internet]. Boletín de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Available from: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/4/10-010410/es/
Tellnes G. President’s column: positive and negative public health effects of urbanisation. Eur J Pub Health. 2005; 15(5): 552–3.
World Hearth Federation. Urbanization and cardiovascular disease [internet]. 2015. Available from: http://www.world-heart-federation.org/press/fact-sheets/urbanization-and-cardiovascular-disease/
Lopez RP, Hynes HP. Obesity, physical activity, and the urban environment: public health research needs. Environ Health. 2006; 5: 25.
Dengel DR, Hearst MO, Harmon JH, Forsyth A, Lytle LA. Does the built environment relate to the metabolic syndrome in adolescents? Health Place. 2009; 15(4): 946–51.
Yuan G, Al-Shali KZ, Hegele RA. Hypertriglyceridemia: its etiology, effects and treatment. Can Med Assoc J. 2007; 176(8): 1113–20.
Peterson AL, McBride PE. A review of guidelines for dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. Age. 2012; 20: 8.
Miller DR, Clark JA, Rogers WH, Skinner KM, Spiro A 3rd, Lee A, et al. The influence of place of administration on health-related quality-of-life assessments: findings from the Veterans Health Study. J Ambul Care Manag. 2005; 28(2): 111–24.
Frenk J, Bobadilla JL, Stern C, Frejka T, Lozano R. Elementos para una teoría de la transición en salud. Salud Publica Mex. 1991; 33(5): 448–62.
Meade MS, Emch M. Medical geography. 3rd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2010. 529 p.
Álvarez de la Torre G. Estructura y temporalidad urbana de las ciudades intermedias en México. Front Norte. 2011; 23(46): 91–124.
Olivera PE. Espacio geográfico, epistemología y diversidad. Mexico: UNAM; 2003. 450 p.
Información de México para niños [internet]. INEGI. Available from: http://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/monografias/informacion/slp/poblacion/
Gutiérrez JPR-DJ, Shamah-Levy T, Villalpando-Hernández S, Franco A, Cuevas-Nasu L, Romero Martínez M, et al. Encuesta nacional de salud y nutrición 2012. Resultados nacionales. Cuernavaca: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (MX); 2012.
Espacio y datos de México [internet]. INEGI. 2014. Available from: http://www3.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/mapa/visualizador/
Consejo Nacional de Población. Zona Metropolitana de San Luis Potosí: Grado de marginación urbana por AGEB, 2010 [internet]. 2015. Available from: http://www.conapo.gob.mx/work/models/CONAPO/indices_margina/marginacion_urbana/AnexoA/Mapas/11_Zona_Metropolitana_de_San_Luis_Potosi.pdf
World Health Organization. Global database on body mass index an interactive surveillance tool for monitoring nutrition transition [internet]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp
Aradillas C, Tenorio E, Flores J, De la Cruz E, Calderón J, Hernández H, et al. Valores de referencia de insulina y lípidos en jóvenes de 16 a 18 años de edad en la ciudad de San Luis potosí. Bioquimia. 2003; 28(2): 9–13.
Giles-Corti B, Donovan RJ. The relative influence of individual, social and physical environment determinants of physical activity. Soc Sci Med. 2002; 54(12): 1793–812.
Dietz WH. Periods of risk in childhood for the development of adult obesity—what do we need to learn? J Nutr. 1997; 127(9): 1884S–6.
Chalkias C, Papadopoulos AG, Kalogeropoulos K, Tambalis K, Psarra G, Sidossis L. Geographical heterogeneity of the relationship between childhood obesity and socio-environmental status: empirical evidence from Athens, Greece. Appl Geogr. 2013; 37: 34–43.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Aradillas-García, C., Palos-Lucio, G. & Padrón-Salas, A. Socio-Urban Spatial Patterns Associated with Dyslipidemia among Schoolchildren in the City of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. J Urban Health 93, 53–72 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-015-9997-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-015-9997-5