Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Controversies in Knowledge Translation for Community-Based Drug Treatment: The Need to the End Policies of the War on Drugs and Mass Incarceration of Drug Offenders to Achieve Health Equity

  • Published:
Journal of Urban Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this article was to discuss significant challenges to the achievement of urban health, specifically acknowledging numerous controversies in knowledge translation for community-based drug treatment that prevent the achievement of health equity. Seven specific controversies are analyzed in this article. The results of the analysis are recommendations for moving toward the resolution of each controversy. Among the most important recommendations is a call to end the policies of the war on drugs and mass incarceration of drug offenders—as policies reflecting how politics and the misuse of power may derail knowledge translation. The article provides justification for evidence-based policy that supports community-based drug treatment as a public health approach consistent with the goals of health equity, ethical practice, and effective knowledge translation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Alexander M. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Drucker EM. Incarcerated people. In: Levy BS, Sidel VW, eds. Social Injustice and Public Health. New York: Oxford University Press; 2006: 161–175.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Haney C. Reforming Punishment: Psychological Limits to the Pains of Imprisonment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2006.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. AIDS. The Vienna declaration: a global call to action for science-based drug policy. The official declaration of the XVIII International AIDS Conference, AIDS 2010. Available at: http://www.aids2010.org/WebContent/File/Vienna_Declaration_Release_EMBARGOED_Until_28_June_2010.pdf. Published June 28, 2010. Accessed February 8, 2011.

  5. Fullilove RE. African Americans, Health Disparities, and HIV/AIDS: Recommendations for Confronting the Epidemic in Black America. New York, NY: Columbia University, National Minority AIDS Council (NMAC); 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Caulkins JP, Rydell CP, Schwabe WL, Chiesa J. Mandatory Minimum Drug Sentences: Throwing Away the Key or the Taxpayer’s Money? Santa Monica, CA: RAND; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Mauer M., Chesney-Lind M, eds. Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Consequences of Mass Imprisonment. New York, NY: The New Press; 2002.

  8. Drug Policy Alliance. 2010 NYC marijuana arrest numbers released: 50,383 New Yorkers arrested for possessing small amounts of marijuana. Available at: http://www.drugpolicy.org/news/2011/02/2010-nyc-marijuana-arrest-numbers-released-50383-new-yorkers-arrested-possessing-small. Published February 10, 2011. Accessed February 12, 2011.

  9. Debeck K, Kerr T. The use of knowledge translation and legal proceedings to support evidence-based drug policy in Canada: opportunities and ongoing challenges. Open Medicine; 2010; 3:E167–E170. Available at: http://www.openmedicine.ca/article/view/405. Accessed January 22, 2011.

  10. McLellan AT. Crime and punishment and treatment: latest findings in the treatment of drug-related offenders. J Sub Abuse Treat. 2003; 25: 187–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wallace BC. Making Mandated Addiction Treatment Work. Lanhan, MD: Rowman & Littlefield; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wallace BC, ed. Toward Equity in Health: A New Global Approach to Health Disparities. New York, NY: Springer; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kleinig J, Einstein C, eds. Ethical Challenges for Intervening in Drug Use: Policy, Research and Treatment Issues. Huntsville, TX: Office of International Criminal Justice (OICJ) Press; 2006.

  14. Wallace BC. Ethical issues surrounding access to drug user counseling/treatment. In: Kleinig J, Einstein S, eds. Ethical Challenges for Intervening in Drug Use: Policy, Research and Treatment Issues. Huntsville, TX: Office of International Criminal Justice (OICJ) Press; 2006: 529–550.

  15. Wallace BC. Listen to the voices of the modern day enslaved in the United States prison economy: do you hear an ethical dilemma? In: Kleinig J, Einstein S, eds. Ethical Challenges for Intervening in Drug Use: Policy, Research and Treatment Issues. Huntsville, TX: Office of International Criminal Justice (OICJ) Press; 2006: 653–655.

  16. Tetroe J. Knowledge translation at the Canadian Institutes of Health Research: a primer. Focus, Technical Brief no. 18; 2007: 1–8. Available at: http://www.ncddr.org/kt/products/focus/focus18/Focus18.pdf. Accessed March 4, 2011.

  17. Lamb S, Greenlick MR, McCarty D. eds. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, D.C.: Committee on Community-Based Drug Treatment, Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press; 1998.

  18. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Changing the Conversation, Improving Substance Abuse Treatment; The National Treatment Plan Initiative. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment; 2000. Available at: http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps11524/ntp.pdf. Accessed April 22, 2011.

  19. Buchanan D, Allegrante J. What types of public health proposals should agencies be funding and what types of evidence should matter? Scientific and ethical considerations. In: Wallace BC, ed. Toward Equity in Health: A New Global Approach to Health Disparities. New York, NY: Springer; 2008: 81–96.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sorensen JI, Mojer-Torres L, Brady KT, et al. The gaps between research, treatment, and policy. In: Lamb SM, Greenlick R, McCarty D, eds. Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington, DC: Committee on Community-Based Drug Treatment, Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press; 1998: 27–55.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Whaley AL, Davis KE. Cultural competence and evidence-based practice in mental health services: a complementary perspective. Am Psychol. 2007; 62(6): 563–574.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Prochaska J. New paradigms for inclusive health care: toward individual patient and population. In: Wallace BC, ed. Toward Equity in Health: A New Global Approach to Health Disparities. New York: Springer; 2008: 61–78.

    Google Scholar 

  23. American Psychological Association Presidential task force on evidence-based practice. Evidence-based practice in psychology. Am Psychologist. 2006; 61(4): 271–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Anderson D. Editor’s note: from insight to intervention. Addiction Science & Practice. 2010; 5:2. Available at: http://www.nida.nih.gov/PDF/ascp/vol5no2/EditorIntro.pdf. Accessed February 8, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Glasner-Edwards S, Rawson R. Evidence-based practices in addiction treatment: review and recommendations. Health Policy. 2010; 97(2–3): 93–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Blume AW, de la Cruz Garcia B. Relapse prevention among diverse populations. In: Marlatt GA, Donovan DM, eds. Relapse Prevention: Maintenance Strategies in the Treatment of Addictive Behaviors. New York: Guilford; 2005: 45–64.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hettema J, Steele J, Miller WR. Motivational interviewing. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2005; 1: 91–111.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Grills C, Rodgers LE, Walker V. Issues related to evidence-based practice and issues related to the RFP. A letter to the Supervisor of the Second District of the County of Los Angeles. Los Angeles, CA. November 18, 2010: 1–11.

  29. Volkow ND. A note from NIDA’s Director: toward individualized treatment for substance abuse. Addiction Sci. & Prac. 2010; 5:2. Available at: http://www.nida.nih.gov/PDF/ascp/vol5no2/DirectorIntro.pdf. Accessed February 8, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Heasley MC. Comment: the interplay of policy, politics, and science. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 1997; 54: 1427–1429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Iguchi MY, London JA, Forge NG, et al. Elements of well-being affected by criminalizing the drug user. Public Health Report. 2002; 117(Suppl 1): S146–S150.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Wallace BC. Introduction: The forces driving and embodied within a new field of equity in health. In: Wallace BC, ed. Toward Equity in Health: A New Global Approach to Health Disparities. New York: Springer; 2008: 1–40.

  33. Tucker JA. Changing addictive behavior: historical and contemporary perspectives. In: Tucker JA, Donovan DM, Marlatt GA, eds. Changing Addictive Behavior: Bridging Clinical and Public Health Strategies. New York: Guilford; 1999: 3–44.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work has been funded in part by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) under grant no. 101693, entitled “Power, Politics, and the Use of Health Equity Research.”

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Barbara C. Wallace.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wallace, B.C. Controversies in Knowledge Translation for Community-Based Drug Treatment: The Need to the End Policies of the War on Drugs and Mass Incarceration of Drug Offenders to Achieve Health Equity. J Urban Health 89, 894–904 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-012-9697-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-012-9697-3

Keywords

Navigation