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Evolutional Attitude Based on Option Prioritization for Conflict Analysis of Urban Transport Planning in Pakistan

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Abstract

This paper constructs a dynamic conflict model that considers Decision Makers’ (DMs) evolutional attitude using the option prioritization. The proposed evolutional attitude approach is based on the framework of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR). Compared with the existing state-based preference, the option prioritization is a more convenient and efficient approach to analyze larger models with consideration of the evolutional attitude, which exists broadly in the evolutional conflicts in real-life. This study reveals how the evolutional attitude of a DM succeeds in the overall evolution of conflict. The analysis unfolds that DMs change their attitude(s) consequent upon the changes in DMs and options available to them as conflict evolves from one level to the next. The changes in attitude of DMs during dynamic conflict situation have substantial effects on the equilibrium outcomes of a conflict. The proposed evaluation attitude-based approach is employed to analyze the conflict between the Punjab Government (G) and Heritage Campaigner and the Public (P) in Pakistan that appeared due to the inappropriate design, planning, and construction of an urban transport system project in Lahore, Pakistan. The present study demonstrates the modeling procedure of a two-level evolutional attitude-based conflict analysis. The results of the stability analysis reveal that improper (negative) attitude may result in undesirable and unexpected consequences, such as project temporalities and delays. This research provides a foundation for future research in urban project planning that employs strategic ways to avoid disputes caused by DMs’ attitudes.

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Acknowledgments

The authors appreciate financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71471087, 71071076, and 61673209). We would like to thank Prof. Ginger Y. Ke, Faculty of Business Administration, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s, NL, Canada, who provided great help for improving the English language of this research. Moreover, we extend our cordial thanks to the Editor and the anonymous referees for valuable suggestions and constructive comments which have helped significantly to enhance the quality of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, PR China

    Sharafat Ali, Haiyan Xu, Peng Xu & Waqas Ahmed

Authors
  1. Sharafat Ali
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  2. Haiyan Xu
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  3. Peng Xu
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  4. Waqas Ahmed
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haiyan Xu.

Additional information

Sharafat Ali is a Ph.D. Scholar at the College of Economics and Management of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, PR China. He received his master of arts in economics and master of philosophy (MPhil) in economics degrees in 2001 and 2015 from Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan, and Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan, respectively. He has been working as assistant professor of economics in Higher Education Department, Government of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan. He has published research papers on conflict management regarding energy policy vis-a-vis environmental policy, attitudinal analysis of strategic disputes on glacial ecosystem sustainability, regional strategic conflicts, information asymmetry and evolutional conflict in the brownfield remediation process. Currently, his research interests are evolutional environmental conflict analysis based on power asymmetry in the framework of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution.

Haiyan Xu is a full professor at the College of Economics and Management of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, PR China. She received her B. A. Sc. degree in pure mathematics from Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, in 1984. She received her M. Sc. degree in combinatorics and optimization and Ph. D. in systems design engineering from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada in 2006 and 2009, respectively. She has published more than 20 SCI/SSCI journal papers including European Journal of Operation Research, Discrete Applied Mathematics, Theory and Decision, Applied Mathematics and Computation, and IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans. Recently, she has published a book by Springer titled “Conflict Resolution Using the Graph Model: Strategic Interactions in Competition and Cooperation”. Her current research interest is designing mathematical models for tackling complex systems problems including the development of methods in portfolio optimization and normal algebraic techniques for conflict resolution with application in finance, environmental management.

Peng Xu received the B. Admin degree in management science from Tianjin University of Technology, China, in 2011. He received his master degree in management science from the College of Economics and Management at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, China. He is studying for his PhD degree in Nanjing University. His research interest is analysing the attitude of the decision makers based on option prioritization and the conflict evolution in finance, warfare, environment, regional strategic conflicts, and elsewhere.

Waqas Ahmed is a Ph.D. scholar of College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics since 2015 and faculty member of COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan since 2014. He received his MBA from Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan in 2004 and MA Management from London Metropolitan University London, the UK in 2012. Being a seasoned entrepreneur and mentor, he has conducted numerous training on design-thinking & entrepreneurship in various countries. His areas of interest include innovation management, regional economics, environmental issues, and entrepreneurship.

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Ali, S., Xu, H., Xu, P. et al. Evolutional Attitude Based on Option Prioritization for Conflict Analysis of Urban Transport Planning in Pakistan. J. Syst. Sci. Syst. Eng. 28, 356–381 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11518-019-5413-0

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