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Inhibition and attenuation of pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis by leupeptin: A review

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Frontiers in Biology

Abstract

Background

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen, which is considered to be a keystone pathogen for periodontitis. A diverse conglomerate of P. gingivalis virulence factors including lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae, capsular polysaccharide, haemagglutinin and cysteine proteases (Arg-gingipains and Lys-gingipain) are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Leupeptin is a cysteine protease inhibitor which is specific for Arg gingipains. The present review focuses on action of leupeptin on Arg gingipains.

Method

A search was carried out systematically from the start till September, 2016. The search was made in Medline database via PubMed. The keywords enlisted were “leupeptin”; “gingipains”; “periodontitis” using Boolean operator “and.”

Results

The result was selection of 58 articles which linked leupeptin to periodontitis and gingipains; pathogenesis of periodontitis, pathogenicity of gingipains and role of leupeptin.

Conclusion

It was concluded that leupeptin inhibits and attenuates a number of destructive activities of Arg gingipains including inhibition of platelet aggregation; inhibit degradation of LL-37, which is an antimicrobial peptide; blocking inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein; restoring level of interleukin-2; inhibiting degradation of collagen type I and IV to name a few.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Mr. Salil Jain and Mrs. Parul Jain. It was a self-funded research.

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  1. Harsarn Dass Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Hansa Jain

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  1. Hansa Jain
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Jain, H. Inhibition and attenuation of pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis by leupeptin: A review. Front. Biol. 12, 192–198 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-017-1442-6

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