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Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Loaded in Microemulsions: Enhanced In Vitro Activity against Colon and Breast Cancer Cells and Possible Cellular Mechanisms

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Abstract

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has high cytotoxicity against various cancer cells but has low water solubility and poor bioavailability. The objective of this work was to study a fully-dilutable oil-in-water microemulsion as a delivery vehicle of CAPE and the impacts on cellular uptake and expression of relevant proteins. Up to 3.30% w/w CAPE was dissolved in the microemulsion with droplets smaller than 20 nm and stable in 180 days. CAPE in the microemulsion had the significantly increased anti-proliferative activity against human HCT-116 colorectal and MCF-7 breast cancer cells than that in dimethyl sulfoxide. Dissolving CAPE in the microemulsion enhanced the cellular uptake according to fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and HPLC. Subsequently, cyclin D1 was suppressed and p53 was induced, which regulated cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively, thereby enhancing anti-cancer activity. Findings from the present work suggest the potential of the studied microemulsion as a vehicle of CAPE for development of cancer intervention strategies.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dianne Jean Trent for the technical assistance in flow cytometry and Dr. Gabriel Silva for providing training and technical assistance on western blotting analysis. This work was supported by the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture and the USDA NIFA Hatch Project 223984. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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  1. Seung Joon Baek

    Present address: College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, 2510 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Huaiqiong Chen, Yongguang Guan & Qixin Zhong

  2. Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

    Seung Joon Baek

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  1. Huaiqiong Chen
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Correspondence to Qixin Zhong.

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Chen, H., Guan, Y., Baek, S.J. et al. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Loaded in Microemulsions: Enhanced In Vitro Activity against Colon and Breast Cancer Cells and Possible Cellular Mechanisms. Food Biophysics 14, 80–89 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-018-9559-y

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