Abstract
While the effects of vacation on tourists have been frequently discussed in the Western context, research endeavors to understand such effects in a non-Western context are rather limited. The current study aimed at investigating Chinese tourists’ subjective well-being and its potential changes associated with vacation experiences. The survey of 302 Chinese tourists confirmed the positive effect of satisfaction with service aspects of travel/tourism phases on satisfaction with travel/tourism services, the positive effect of trip reflections and satisfaction with travel/tourism services on satisfaction with travel experiences, and the direct positive effect of satisfaction with travel experiences on travelers’ SWB. This study further explored the corresponding roles of travel duration and frequency. The results suggested a moderating effect of vacation duration on the link between tourist satisfaction and SWB; vacation frequency did not have such an effect. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings were discussed, followed by recommendations for future research.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.




References
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicators of well-being. New York: Plenum Press.
Bargeman, B., Joh, C. H., & Timmermans, H. (2002). Vacation behavior using a sequence alignment method. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 320–337.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238–246.
Bentler, P. M. (1993). EQS structural equation program manual. Los Angeles: BMDP.
Bentler, P. M., & Chou, C. P. (1987). Practical issues in structural equation modeling. Sociological Methods & Research, 16(1), 78–117.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230–258.
Busseri, M. A., Sadava, S. W., & Decourville, N. (2007). A hybrid model for research on subjective well-being: Examining common- and component-specific sources of variance in life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Social Indicators Research, 83, 413–445.
Byrne, B. M. (2004). Testing for multigroup invariance using AMOS graphics: A road less traveled. Structural Equation Modeling, 11(2), 272–300.
Clarke, M., Islam, S., & Paech, S. (2006). Measuring Australia’s well-being using hierarchical needs. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 35(6), 933–945.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542–575.
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43.
Diener, E. (2006). Guidelines for national indicators of subjective well-being and ill-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 397–404.
Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (2000). Culture and subjective well-being. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 72–75.
Diener, E., Suh, E., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302.
Eid, M., & Diener, E. (2004). Global judgments of subjective well-being: Situational variability and long-term stability. Social Indicators Research, 65(3), 245–277.
Eid, M., & Larsen, R. J. (2007). The science of subjective well-being. New York: Guilford Press.
Fleischer, A., & Rivlin, J. (2009). More or better? Quantity and quality issues in tourism consumption. Journal of Travel Research, 47(3), 285–294.
Fu, X., Lehto, X. Y., & Cai, L. A. (2012). Culture-based interpretation of vacation consumption. Journal of China Tourism Research, 8(3), 320–333.
Geva, A., & Goldman, A. (1991). Duality in consumer post-purchase attitude. Journal of Economic Psychology, 12, 141–164.
Gilbert, D., & Abdullah, J. (2002). A study of the impact of the expectation of a holiday on an individual’s sense of wellbeing. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 8(4), 352–361.
Gilbert, D., & Abdullah, J. (2004). Holidaytaking and the sense of well-being. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(1), 103–121.
Gunn, C. (1988). Tourism planning. New York: Taylor and Francis.
Headey, B., & Wearing, A. (1992). Subjective well-being: A stocks and flows framework. In F. Strack, M. Argyle, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Subjective well-being: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 49–73). Elmsford: Pergamon Press.
HHS Travel Manual. (2008). Retrieved April 22, 2011 from www.hhs.gov: HHS Travel Manua.
Hobson, J. S. P., & Dietrich, U. C. (1994). Tourism, health and quality of life: Challenging the responsibility of using the traditional tenets of sun, sea, sand and sex in tourism marketing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 3(4), 21–38.
Hunter-Jones, P. (2003). The perceived effects of holiday-taking upon the health and wellbeing of patients treated for cancer. International Journal of Tourism Research, 5(3), 183–196.
Iwasaki, Y. (2002). Testing independent and buffer models of the influence of leisure participation on stress-coping and adaptational outcomes. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 20(4), 90–129.
Iwasaki, Y., Mannell, R. C., Smale, B. J. A., & Butcher, J. (2005). Contributions of leisure participation in predicting stress coping and health among police and emergency response workers. Journal of Health Psychology, 10, 79–99.
Kammann, R., & Flett, R. (1983). Affectometer 2: A scale to measure current level of general happiness. Australian Journal of Psychology, 35(2), 259–265.
Lehto, X. Y., Fu, X., Li, H., & Zhou, L. (2013). Vacation benefits and activities: Understanding Chinese family travelers. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research. doi:10.1177/1096348013515921.
Leiper, N. (1990). Tourist attraction systems. Annals of Tourism Research, 17(3), 367–384.
Lounsbury, J. W., & Hoopes, L. L. (1986). A vacation from work: Changes in work and nonwork outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 392–401.
Marcoulides, G. A., & Schumacker, R. E. (1996). Advanced structural equation modeling. Mahwah: Erlbaum.
Nawijn, J., Marchand, M., Veenhoven, R., & Vingerhoets, A. (2010). Vacationers happier, but most not happier after a holiday. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 5(1), 35–47.
Neal, J. D., & Gursoy, D. (2008). A multifaceted analysis of tourism satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research, 47, 53–62.
Neal, J. D., Sirgy, M. J., & Uysal, M. (1999). The role of satisfaction with leisure travel/ tourism services and experience in satisfaction with leisure life and overall life. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 153–163.
Neal, J. D., Sirgy, M. J., & Uysal, M. (2004). Measuring the effect of tourism services on travelers’ quality of life: Further validation. Social Indicators Research, 69(3), 243–277.
Neal, J. D., Uysal, M., & Sirgy, M. J. (2007). The effect of tourism services on travelers’ quality of life. Journal of Travel Research, 46(2), 154–163.
Richards, G. (1999). Vacations and the quality of life. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 189–198.
Schimmack, U., Schupp, J., & Wagner, G. G. (2008). The influence of environment and personality on the affective and cognitive components of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 89, 41–60.
Sharma, K. (2005). Tourism and development. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons.
Sirgy, M. J. (2010). Toward a quality-of-life theory of leisure travel satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research, 49(2), 246–260.
Sirgy, M. J., & Lee, D. (2006). Macro measures of consumer well-being: A critical analysis and research agenda. Journal of Macromarketing, 26(1), 337–367.
Sirgy, M. J., Widgery, R., Lee, D., & Yu, G. B. (2010). Developing a measure of community well-being based on perceptions of impact in various life domains. Social Indicators Research, 96(2), 295–331.
Sirgy, M. J., Kruger, P. S., Lee, D. J., & Yu, G. B. (2011). How does a travel trip affect tourists’ life satisfaction? Journal of Travel Research, 50(3), 261–275.
Smith, S. (1993). The tourist product. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(3), 582–595.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using Multivariate Statistics (3rd ed.). New York: Harper Collins College Publishers.
The Conference Board of Canada. (2008). Evaluating Canada’s performance with the US- outbound travel market. Retrieved February 11, 2010 from Canadian Tourism Industry: http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/dsib-tour.nsf/vwapj/qq00030_eng.pdf/$file/qq00030_eng.pdf.
Toda, M., Makino, H., Kobayashi, H., Shingo Nagasawa, K. K., & Morimoto, K. (2004). Medical assessment of the health effects of short leisure trips. Archives of Environmental Health, 59(12), 717–724.
Toda, M., Makino, H., Kobayashi, H., & Morimoto, K. (2006). Health effects of a long-term stay in a spa resort. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 63(1), 131–137.
Unger, L. S., & Kernan, J. B. (1983). On the meaning of leisure: An investigation on some determinants of the subjective leisure experience. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(4), 381–392.
Uysal, M., Perdue, R., & Sirgy, M. J. (2012). Handbook of tourism and quality-of-life research. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag.
Wu, B., Zhu, H., & Xu, X. (2000). Trends in China’s domestic tourism development at the turn of the century. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 12(5), 296–299.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Y., Fu, X. & Lehto, X.Y. Chinese Tourist Vacation Satisfaction and Subjective Well-being. Applied Research Quality Life 11, 49–64 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-014-9354-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-014-9354-y
Keywords
- Chinese tourist
- Travel duration, Travel experience
- Travel frequency
- Travel satisfaction
- Subjective well-being