Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychological disorders are becoming a greater proportion of the global disease burden; however the pathogenic mechanisms by which these disorders originate and contribute to disease progression are not well-described. Increasing evidence supports neuroinflammation as a common underlying component associated with the neuropathological processes that effect disease progression. This collection of articles explores the role of adaptive immunity in autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, neurotrauma, and psychological disorders. The section emphasizes the interactions of T cells with innate cellular responses within the CNS and the effects on neurological functions. One recurrent theme is that modified and aggregated self-proteins upregulate innate-mediated inflammation and provide a permissive environment for polarization of T cells to proinflammatory effector cells. Moreover, infiltration and reactivation of those T effector cells exacerbate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress to greater neurotoxic levels. Another recurrent theme in these disorders promotes diminished regulatory functions that reduce control over activated T effector cells and microglia, and ultimately augment proinflammatory conditions. Augmentation of regulatory control is discussed as therapeutic strategies to attenuate neuroinflammation, mitigate neurodegeneration or neuronal dysfunction, and lessen disease progression.
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Acknowledgments
I would like to thank and applaud the authors for providing a stellar assemblage of articles for this special section. Dr. Howard Gendelman deserves our heartfelt appreciation for providing the creativity, support and opportunity that made this section possible. Finally and most assuredly, Ms. Robin Taylor deserves our utmost thanks for providing expert editorial leadership and generally keeping us on track. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants R01 NS070190, P01 DA028555, P20 GM103480, R01 NS034239, and R01 NS077873.
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Lee Mosley, R. Adaptive Immunity in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychological Disorders. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 10, 522–527 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-015-9640-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-015-9640-y