Abstract
Impulsivity and self-control are often inversely related, yet little is known regarding their concurrent role in gambling disorder (GD). Therefore, we aimed to explore self-control and impulsivity with respect to GD severity, gender, and age in an adult sample with GD. The secondary aim of this study was to consider the roles of these factors by means of path analysis. One hundred and twelve adults who met criteria for GD completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the Self-Control Scale (SCS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) evaluated direct and indirect effects of impulsivity and self-control on GD severity. Impulsivity and self-control were negatively correlated. The SEM identified a direct positive relationship between impulsivity and GD severity. Impulsivity also mediated a relationship between age and GD severity. High impulsivity levels are associated with greater severity of GD. Future studies should examine treatments targeting impulsivity and self-control in individuals with GD.
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Funding
Dr. Potenza’s involvement was supported by a National Center for Responsible Gaming Center of Excellence grant and by the Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling and the Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services. Dr. Mestre-Bach was supported by a postdoctoral grant of FUNCIVA. Financial support was also received through the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (grant RTI2018-101837-B-100). FIS PI14/00290, FIS PI17/01167 received aid from the Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. The research was also funded by the Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2021I047 and 2019I47); CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) is an initiative of ISCIII. We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) "Una manera de hacer Europa"/"a way to build Europe".
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The Yale Human Investigation Committee approved the study (HIC Protocol Number: 0008011937), and signed informed consent was obtained from all participants.
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All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000 (5). Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.
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None of the authors have any conflicts of interest. Dr. Potenza has consulted for Opiant Pharmaceuticals, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, AXA, Game Day Data, and the Addiction Policy Forum; has been involved in a patent application with Yale University and Novartis; has received research support (to Yale) from Mohegan Sun Casino; and has consulted for and/or advised gambling and legal entities on issues related to impulse-control/addictive disorders. Fernando Fernández-Aranda received consultancy honoraria from Novo Nordisk and editorial honoraria as EIC from Wiley. The rest of the authors have no conflicts of interest with the content of this manuscript.
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Mestre-Bach, G., Balodis, I.M., Steward, T. et al. Age and Gender Considerations with Respect to Gambling-Disorder Severity and Impulsivity and Self-control. Int J Ment Health Addiction 21, 3330–3344 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-022-00794-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-022-00794-1