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Testing the Influence of Social Axioms on Internet Gaming Disorder Tendency with a Cross-Lagged Panel Model: a One-Year Longitudinal Study

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Abstract

Gaming-specific beliefs on the functions and/or consequences of gaming have consistently been shown to be risk factors for Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, there is a scarcity of research on the effects of generalized beliefs about the world (i.e., social axioms) on IGD tendency. This 1-year longitudinal study was designed to test whether and which social axioms would have a prospective influence on IGD tendency. One hundred ninety-five Chinese university students (Mage = 19.86, female = 72.3%) voluntarily participated in both the baseline and 1-year follow-up surveys. Social cynicism, but not four other social axioms (i.e., fate control, reward for application, social complexity, and religiosity), was found to be significantly associated with baseline and follow-up IGD tendency. Using a cross-lagged panel model, while controlling for baseline IGD tendency and grade point average (GPA), baseline social cynicism belief still had a positive effect on follow-up IGD tendency at a marginal significance level (p = .07). Moreover, students’ baseline GPA predicted lower follow-up IGD tendency (β = −.17, p < .01) but not vice versa. Our findings suggested that preventive interventions may consider modifying not only gaming-specific beliefs but also general beliefs, such as social cynicism. They also shed light on the importance of identifying groups that are at risk for IGD tendency, such as low-achievement students, for interventions.

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Funding

The research was supported by the research grant of the University of Macau (Ref #: MYRG2016-00238-FSS and MYRG2019-00014-FSS). The funding source had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication.

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  1. Hong Mian Yang and Kwok Kit Tong were co‐first authors.

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  1. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China

    Hong Mian Yang, Kwok Kit Tong, Yun Li, Vivienne Y. K. Tao, Meng Xuan Zhang & Anise M. S. Wu

  2. Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China

    Hong Mian Yang, Meng Xuan Zhang & Anise M. S. Wu

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Contributors: Ms. Hong Mian Yang and Prof. Kwok Kit Tong conducted the literature review, finding interpretation, and manuscript writing. Ms. Yun Li was responsible for the data analysis and was involved in data collection and manuscript preparation. Prof. Kwok Kit Tong, Prof. Vivienne YK Tao, and Prof. Anise MS Wu were responsible for the funding acquisition, as well as research conception, design, and coordination. Ms. Meng Xuan Zhang and Prof. Anise MS Wu were involved in finding interpretation and manuscript preparation. All authors approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Anise M. S. Wu.

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Yang, H.M., Tong, K.K., Li, Y. et al. Testing the Influence of Social Axioms on Internet Gaming Disorder Tendency with a Cross-Lagged Panel Model: a One-Year Longitudinal Study. Int J Ment Health Addiction 20, 2587–2598 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00532-z

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