Abstract
Classes of obsessive-compulsive features differing both quantitatively and qualitatively have been linked to gambling disorder. This secondary data analysis sought to extend this line of investigation to examine the extent to which previously reported latent obsessive-compulsive classes may relate to externalizing conditions in a sample of 1675 twin male veterans recruited and surveyed for studies of gambling behaviors/disorder. Using latent class analysis and multivariate regression, we found that participants who reported the highest levels of obsessive-compulsive features were more likely to meet criteria for cannabis abuse and dependence and antisocial personality disorder. When adjusting for co-occurring disorders, the relationship with antisocial personality disorder remained significant whereas those for cannabis use disorders did not. These results highlight the potential utility of considering obsessive-compulsive features within a transdiagnostic framework and suggest that specific externalizing disorders have important links to obsessive-compulsive features. Future research is needed to extend these findings to other samples.
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Notes
Twin studies provide a great opportunity for genetic analysis; however, due to low base rates of disorders, there was insufficient power to perform genetic analysis related to antisocial personality disorder and substance use disorders as they relate to the overlap with obsessive-compulsive features.
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Acknowledgments
The US Department of Defense, National Personnel Records Center, National Archives and Records Administration, Internal Revenue Service, National Opinion Research Center, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, and Institute for Survey Research provided invaluable assistance in the conduct of this study. Most importantly, the members of the VET Registry and their families provided continued cooperation and participation, without which this research would not have been possible.
Role of the Funder/Sponsor
The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Funding
This study was supported by grant MH60426 (Pathological Gambling: Courses, Consequences and Causes) from the Health Services Research and Development Service of the VA and National Institute of Mental Health, Yale and University of Missouri Center of Excellence in Gambling Research grants from the National Center for Responsible Gaming and by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, the Connecticut Mental Health Center, the Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, and the Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling. The US VA has provided financial support for the development and maintenance of the VET Registry.
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The authors report no conflicts of interest. Dr. Potenza has consulted for and advised Game Day Data, the Addiction Policy Forum, AXA, and Opiant/Lakelight Therapeutics; received research support from the Mohegan Sun Casino and the National Center for Responsible Gaming (now the International Center for Responsible Gaming); participated in surveys, mailings, or telephone consultations related to drug addiction, impulse-control disorders, or other health topics; consulted for legal and gambling entities on issues related to impulse-control and addictive disorders; provided clinical care in the Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services Problem Gambling Services Program; performed grant reviews for the National Institutes of Health and other agencies; edited journals and journal sections; given academic lectures in grand rounds, CME events, and other clinical/scientific venues; and generated books or chapters for publishers of mental health texts. The other authors report no disclosures. The views presented in this manuscript represent those of the authors and not necessarily those of the funding agencies.
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The original and current study was approved by the institutional review boards of the St Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Washington University School of Medicine. All participants provided verbal informed consent.
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Williams, M., Baskin-Sommers, A.R., Xian, H. et al. Examining Relations Between Obsessive-Compulsive Features, Substance-Use Disorders, and Antisocial Personality Disorder in the Vietnam Era Twin Cohort. Int J Ment Health Addiction 19, 2045–2055 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00299-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00299-9