Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Internet Misconduct Impact Adolescent Mental Health in Taiwan: The Moderating Roles of Internet Addiction

  • Published:
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The cyber world provides new information and online social activities. However, frequent social activities and inappropriate physical and mental behaviors (e.g., cyber bullying, cyber pornography, and Internet fraud) may affect physical and mental health of individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of cyber bullying, cyber pornography, and Internet fraud adolescents’ physical and mental health and examine the moderating effect of Internet addiction among Taiwan adolescents aged 15 to 18 years using a nationally representative dataset. Data from 8480 adolescents (4184 boys, 4296 girls) from 150 high schools were analyzed. The results indicated that cyber bullying, cyber pornography and Internet addiction present significant positive effects on physical and mental health of individuals; Internet addiction has a significant moderating effect on the relationships among cyber bullying, cyber pornography, and physical and mental health of individuals. The results of this study suggest that parents and teachers should pay more attention to adolescents, especially those who have frequently reported seeing cyber bullying, and provide counseling, help as well as assistance on the proper use of the Internet. Adolescents who are addicted to cyber pornography should be encouraged to develop other interests and participate in outdoor activities to ensure healthy physical and mental health.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahn, J. (2011). The effect of social network sites on adolescents’ social and academic development: Current theories and controversies. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(8), 1435–1445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aleem, A. & Antwi-Boasiako, A. (2011). Internet auction fraud: The evolving nature of online auctions criminality and the mitigating framework to address the threat. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 39(3), 140–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J., Bresnahan, M., & Musatics, C. (2014). Combating weight-based cyberbullying on facebook with the dissenter effect. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 17(5), 281–286.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bagozzi, R. P. & Yi, Y. (2012). Specification, evaluation, and interpretation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(1), 8–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhat, C. S. (2008). Cyber bullying: Overview and strategies for school counselors, guidance officers, and all school personnel. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 18, 53–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruno, A., Scimeca, G., Cava, L., Pandolfo, G., Zoccali, R. A., & Muscatello, M. R. A. (2014). Prevalence of Internet addiction in a sample of southern Italian high school students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 12(6), 708–715.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, R. G., Whitworth, K. H., & Thompson, C. Y. (2004). Assessing law enforcement preparedness to address Internet fraud. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(5), 477–493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, F.-C., Chiu, C.-H., Lee, C.-M., Chen, P.-H., & Miao, N.-F. (2014). Predictors of the initiation and persistence of Internet addiction among adolescents in Taiwan. Addictive Behaviors, 39(10), 1434–1440.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chao, C. –. M., Yu, T. –. K., & Cheng, B. –. W. (2013). Modelling predictors of adolescents’ attitude towards a cyber lives index. Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science, 18(1), 87–104.

  • Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation Modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides & Mahwah (Eds.), Modern business research methods (pp. 295–336). NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chua, C. E. H. & Wareham, J. (2008). Parasitism and Internet auction fraud: An exploration. Information and Organization, 18(4), 303–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cleemput, K. V., Vandebosch, H., & Pabian, S. (2014). Personal characteristics and contextual factors that determine “Helping,” “Joining In,” and “Doing Nothing” when witnessing cyberbullying. Aggressive Behavior, 40(5), 383–396.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeVellis, R. F. (2003). Scale development: Theory and applications, 2nd (Ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

  • Dowell, E. B., Burgess, A. W., & Cavanaugh, D. J. (2009). Clustering of internet risk behavior in a middle school student population. Journal of School Health, 79(11), 547–553.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, M. (2003). Sex on the internet: Observations and implications for Internet sex addiction. Journal of Sex Research, 38, 330–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ha, Y. M. & Hwang, W. J. (2014). Gender differences in Internet addiction associated with psychological health indicators among adolescents using a national web-based survey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 12(5), 660–669.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hair Jr., F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed. ). New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong, J. C., Lin, C. H., Hwang, M. Y., Hu, R. P., & Chen, Y. L. (2014). Positive affect predicting worker psychological response to cyber-bullying in the high-tech industry in Northern Taiwan. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 307–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, Y. Y. & Chou, C. (2013). Revisiting cyberbullying: Perspectives from Taiwanese teachers. Computers & Education, 63, 227–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: a review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jang, H., Song, J., & Kim, R. (2014). Does the offline bully-victimization influence cyberbullying behavior among youths? Application of General Strain Theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 85–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jöreskog, K. G. & Sörbom, D. (2005). LISREL 8.72: A guide to the program and applications (3rd ed. ). Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc..

    Google Scholar 

  • Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Chen, C. C., Chen, S. H., & Yen, C. F. (2005a). Gender differences and related factors effecting online gaming addiction among Taiwanese adolescents. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(4), 273–277.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. C., Yen, C. N., & Chen, S. H. (2005b). Screening for internet addiction: An empirical study on cut-off points for the Chen Internet Addiction Scale. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 21(12), 545–551.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. S., & Chen, C. C. (2012). The association between Internet addiction and psychiatric disorder: A review of the literature. European Psychiatry, 27, 1–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Lin, H. C., & Yang, M. J. (2007). Factors predictive for incidence and remission of internet addiction in young adolescents: A prospective study. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 10, 545–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kowalski, R. M. & Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), S13–S20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuss, D. J. & Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Internet gaming addiction: A systematic review of empirical research. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10(2), 278–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuss, D. J., Shorter, G. W., van Rooij, A. J., Griffiths, M. D., & Schoenmakers, T. M. (2014). Assessing internet addiction using the parsimonious internet addiction components model—a preliminary study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 12(3), 351–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laier, C., Pekal, J., & Brand, M. (2014). Cybersex addiction in heterosexual female users of Internet pornography can be explained by gratification hypothesis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 17(8), 505–511.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lo, V. –. H. & Wei, R. (2005). Exposure to Internet pornography and Taiwanese adolescents’ sexual attitudes and behavior. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 49, 221–237.

  • MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2011). Construct measurement and validation procedures in MIS and behavioral research: Integrating new and existing techniques. MIS Quarterly, 35(2), 293–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLoughlin, C., Meyricke, R., & Burgess, J. (2009). Bullies in cyberspace: How rural and regional Australian youth perceive the problem of cyberbullying and its impact. In J. Lyons, J. Y. Choi & D. Mcphan (Eds.), International symposium for innovation in rural education improving equity in rural education (pp. 178–186), Australia: SIMERR National Centre

  • McMillan, S. J. & Morrison, M. (2006). Coming of age with the internet: A qualitative exploration of how the internet has become an integral part of young people’s lives. New Media & Society, 8(1), 73–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, C., Guerin, S., Lynch, F., Daly, I., & Fitzpatrick, C. (2004). The relationship between bullying, depression and suicidal thoughts/behaviour in Irish adolescents. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 21(4), 112–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, K. J., Finkelhor, D., & Wolak, J. (2003). The exposure of youth to unwanted sexual material on the internet: a national survey of risk, impact, prevention. Youth and Society, 34(3), 330–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patricia, W. A., Kowalski, R., & Limber, S. (2007). Students’ perspectives on cyber bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(1), 59–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, C. S. & Malesky, L. A. (2008). Problematic usage among highly-engaged players of massively multiplayer online role playing games. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11, 481–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schell, B. H., Martin, M. V., Hung, P. C. K., & Rueda, L. (2007). Cyber child pornography: A review paper of the social and legal issues and remedies-and a proposed technological solution. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(1), 45–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sim, T., Gentile, D. A., Bricolo, F., Serpelloni, G., & Gulamoydeen, F. (2012). A conceptual review of research on the pathological use of computers, video games, and the Internet. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10(5), 748–769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slonje, R. & Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49(2), 147–154.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., & Frisén, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying and strategies for prevention. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 26–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stack, S., Wasserman, I., & Kern, R. (2004). Adult social bonds and use of Internet pornography. Social Science Quarterly, 85(1), 75–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, C. C. & Lin, S. S. J. (2003). Internet addiction of adolescents in Taiwan: An interview study. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 6(6), 649–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vacaru, M. A., Shepherd, R. M., & Sheridan, J. (2014). New Zealand youth and their relationships with mobile phone technology. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 12(5), 572–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Velden, M. & El Emam, K. (2013). “Not all my friends need to know”: A qualitative study of teenage patients, privacy, and social media. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(1), 16–24.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Verma, A. (2012). Cyber pornography in India and its implication on cyber cafe´ operators. Computer Law and Security Review, 28(1), 69–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Widyanto, L. & Griffiths, M. (2006). Internet addiction: A critical review. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 4, 31–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, M. F. (2014). Predictors of anonymous cyber aggression: The role of adolescents’ beliefs about anonymity, aggression, and the permanency of digital content. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 17(7), 431–438.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yao, M. Z. & Zhong, Z. –. J. (2014). Loneliness, social contacts and Internet addiction: A cross-lagged panel study. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 164–170.

  • Yen, J. Y., Ko, C. H., Yen, C. F., Chen, S. H., Chung, W. K., & Chen, C. C. (2008). Psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with Internet addiction: Comparison with substance use. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 62(1), 9–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young, K. S. (1996). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Paper presented at the 104th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, August 1996. Toronto, Canada.

  • Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 1(3), 237–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, K. S. (2004). Internet addiction: A new clinical phenomenon and its consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(4), 402–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, K. S. & de Abreu, C. N. (2010). Internet addiction: A handbook and guide to evaluation and treatment. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author thank the National Science Council of Taiwan for financially supporting this research under contract NSC 100-2511-S-507 -001 -MY3.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tai-Kuei Yu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yu, TK., Chao, CM. Internet Misconduct Impact Adolescent Mental Health in Taiwan: The Moderating Roles of Internet Addiction. Int J Ment Health Addiction 14, 921–936 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-016-9641-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-016-9641-y

Keywords

Navigation