Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Performance Analysis of Plasmonic Nano-antenna Based on Graphene with Different Dielectric Substrate Materials for Optoelectronics Application

  • RESEARCH
  • Published:
Plasmonics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The graphene-based plasmonic antenna’s operating frequency and performance are significantly controlled by the substrate dielectric material. In this article, a plasmonic microstrip antenna is designed and simulated for terahertz applications. The design procedure is performed by testing different dielectric substrate materials of the same thickness, such as RT5800, polyimide, quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO2), FR4, mica, silicon nitride (SiO3N4), and gallium arsenide (GaAs). Generally, the computed results reveal that the quartz substrate maintains suitable radiation performance with a minimum S11 values of − 45.67 dB, efficiency of 92.65%, gain of about 3.15 dB, and bandwidth values of 310 GHz. Furthermore, a modification is done in the antenna by increasing the substrate height to obtain tri-band radiation mode. The results indicate that the proposed antenna operates at tri-band frequencies when the substrate thickness is larger than 6 µm. However, a better antenna radiation performance is observed with a substrate thickness of 7 µm which operates at frequencies of 0.766, 3.285, and 4.510 THz. Additionally, the overall radiation performance obtained for the proposed antennas of a single band frequency with quartz and dual and triple band frequencies with GaAs is compared with previous study results done by other researchers and a reliable agreement with an advancement in present work, especially in terms of antenna size and bandwidth. Finally, it can be said that the implementation of a graphene patch conductor to develop milt-band resonance frequency is an easy technique with low profiles, simple and alternative to the implementing conducting material slots, or extensions along the patch radiating borders techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The data and materials that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Dhillon S et al (2017) The 2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap. J Phys D Appl Phys 50(4):043001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Moshiri SMM, Nozhat N (2021) Smart optical cross dipole nanoantenna with multibeam pattern. Sci Rep 11(1):5047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84495-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Meng Y (2018) Ultracompact graphene-assisted tunable waveguide couplers with high directivity and mode selectivity. Sci Rep 8(1):13362. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31555-7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Das P (2023) Beam-steering of THz MIMO antenna using graphene-based intelligent reflective surface. Opt Quantum Electron 55(8):711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04996-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Fakharian MM (2022) A graphene-based multi-functional terahertz antenna. Optik 251:68431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.168431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Nishtha RS, Yaduvanshi AK, Kushwaha Pandit AK (2021) Terahertz rectangular DRA for high speed communication applications. J Discrete Math Sci Cryptogr 24(5):1205–1214. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720529.2021.1932904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Khaleel SA, Hamad EKI, Saleh MB (2022) High-performance tri-band graphene plasmonic microstrip patch antenna using superstrate double-face metamaterial for THz communications. J Electr Eng 73(4):226–236, 3922. https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0031

  8. Jamshed MA, Nauman A, Abbasi MAB, Kim SW (2020) Antenna selection and designing for THz applications: suitability and performance evaluation: a survey. IEEE Access 8:113246–113261. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3002989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hanson GW (2008) Dyadic Greenʼs functions for an anisotropic, non-local model of biased graphene. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 56(3):747–757

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Shamim SM, Trabelsi Y, Arafin N, Anushkannan NK, Dina US, Hossain MA, Islam N (2023) Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna with photonic band gap (PBG) structure for high-speed THz application. Opt Quantum Electron 55(7):618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04834-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sharma SK, Chieh JCS (2021) Multifunctional antennas and arrays for wireless communication systems. John Wiley & Sons

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Shalini M, Madhan MG (2020) Performance predictions of slotted graphene patch antenna for multi-band operation in terahertz regime. Optik 204:164223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164223

  13. Lu G, Wang J, Xie Z, Yeow JTW (2022) Carbon-based THz microstrip antenna design: a review. IEEE Open J. Nanotechnol. 3:15–23. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2021.3135478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Poorgholam-Khanjari S, Zarrabi FB (2021) Reconfigurable Vivaldi THz antenna based on graphene load as hyperbolic metamaterial for skin cancer spectroscopy. Optics Communications 480:126482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2020.126482

  15. Kiani N, Hamedani FT, Rezaei P (2021) Polarization controlling plan in graphene-based reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna. Optik 244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.167595

  16. Varshney G (2020) Reconfigurable graphene antenna for THz applications: a mode conversion approach. Nanotechnol 31(13)

  17. Khan MAK, Ullah MI, Alim MA (2021) High-gain and ultrawide-band graphene patch antenna with photonic crystal covering 96.48% of the terahertz band. Optik 227:166056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.166056

  18. Jafari Chashmi M, Rezaei P, Kiani N (2020) Polarization controlling of multi resonant graphene-based microstrip antenna. Plasmonics 15(2):417–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-019-01044-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Jafari Chashmi M, Rezaei P, Kiani N (2020) Y-shaped graphene-based antenna with switchable circular polarization. Optik 200:163321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163321

  20. Varshney G, Debnath S, Sharma AK (2020) Tunable circularly polarized graphene antenna for THz applications. Optik 223:165412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165412

  21. Ezzulddin SK, Hasan SO, Ameen MM (2022) Microstrip patch antenna design, simulation and fabrication for 5G applications. Simul Model Pract Theory 116:102497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2022.102497

  22. Nurrohman DT, Chiu N-F (2021) A review of graphene-based surface plasmon resonance and surface-enhanced raman scattering biosensors: current status and future prospects. Nanomaterials 11(1):216

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhao T, Hu M, Zhong R, Gong S, Zhang C, Liu S (2017) Cherenkov terahertz radiation from graphene surface plasmon polaritons excited by an electron beam. Appl Phys Lett 110(23). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984961

  24. Gusynin VP, Sharapov SG, Carbotte PG (2006) Magneto-optical conductivity in graphene. J Condens Matter Phys 19(2):026222. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/19/2/026222

  25. Aloui R, Houaneb Z, Zairi H (2019) Substrate integrated waveguide circular antenna for terahertz application. Prog Electromagn Res C 96:229–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Qin X, Chen J, Xie C, Xu N, Shi J (2016) A tunable THz dipole antenna based on graphene, in 2016 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP), IEEE 1–3

  27. Abbasi QH, Alomainy A, Jornet JM, Han C, Chen Y (2018) Ieee access special section editorial: nano-antennas, nano-transceivers and nano-networks/communications. IEEE Access 6:8270–8272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kumar MR (2019) A compact graphene based nano-antenna for communication in nano-network. J. IEICE 1(1):17–27

    Google Scholar 

  29. Correas-Serrano D, Gomez-Diaz JS, Perruisseau-Carrier J, Alvarez-Melcon A (2014) Graphene-based plasmonic tunable low-pass filters in the terahertz band. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 13(6):1145–1153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Kushwaha RK, Karuppanan P, Malviya LD (2018) Design and analysis of novel microstrip patch antenna on photonic crystal in THz. Phys B Condens. 545:107–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2018.05.045

  31. Shalini, M, Madhan MG (2019) Design and analysis of a dual-polarized graphene based microstrip patch antenna for terahertz applications. Optik 194:163050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163050

  32. Li CH, Chiu TY (2017) 340-GHz Low-cost and high-gain on-chip higher order mode dielectric resonator antenna for THz applications. IEEE Trans Terahertz Sci 7(3):284–294. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2017.2670234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Shamim SM, Uddin MS, Hasan MR, Samad M (2021) Design and implementation of miniaturized wideband microstrip patch antenna for high-speed terahertz applications. J Comput Electro 20(1):604–610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-020-01587-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Mondir A, Setti L, El Haffar R (2022) Design, analysis, and modeling using WCIP method of novel microstrip patch antenna for THz applications. Prog Electromagn Res C 125:67–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Nickpay MR, Danaie M, Shahzadi A (2022) Wideband rectangular double-ring nanoribbon graphene-based antenna for terahertz communications. IETE J Res 68(3):1625–1634. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2019.1661801

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Kavitha S, Sairam KVSSSS, Singh A (2022) Graphene plasmonic nano-antenna for terahertz communication. SN Applied Sciences 4(4):114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-022-04986-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Khan MAK, Shaem TA, Alim MA (2019) Analysis of graphene based miniaturized terahertz patch antennas for single band and dual band operation. Optik 194:163012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163012

  38. Deng X-D, Li Y, Liu C, Wu W, Xiong Y-Z (2015) 340 GHz on-chip 3-D antenna with 10 dBi gain and 80% radiation efficiency. IEEE Trans Terahertz Sci Technol 5(4):619–627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Khaleel SA, Hamad EKI, Saleh MB (2022) High-performance tri-band graphene plasmonic microstrip patch antenna using superstrate double-face metamaterial for THz communications. J Electr Eng 73(4):226–236. https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0031

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq

    Saman Khabbat Ezzulddin

  2. Department of Physics, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq

    Sattar Othman Hasan

  3. Department of Physics, College of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq

    Mudhaffer Mustafa Ameen

Authors
  1. Saman Khabbat Ezzulddin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sattar Othman Hasan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mudhaffer Mustafa Ameen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization and supervision, Saman Khabbat Ezzulddin, and Sattar Othman Hasan developed the theoretical formalism, methodology, and performed the numerical simulations. Saman Khabbat Ezzulddin and Sattar Othman Hasan, formal analysis. Saman Khabbat Ezzuldin, Sattar Othman Hasan, and Mudhaffer Mustafa Ameen contributed to the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saman Khabbat Ezzulddin.

Ethics declarations

Consent to Participate

Informed consent was obtained from all authors.

Consent for Publication

The work explained has not been published earlier. The work is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. Its publication has been approved by all co-authors.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ezzulddin, S.K., Hasan, S.O. & Ameen, M.M. Performance Analysis of Plasmonic Nano-antenna Based on Graphene with Different Dielectric Substrate Materials for Optoelectronics Application. Plasmonics 19, 865–874 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02030-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02030-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation